Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Moini, Jahangir,
• LoGalbo, Anthony,
• Ahangari, Raheleh,

Titel

Foundations of the mind, brain, and behavioral relationships : understanding physiological psychology

Auflage

1st ed

Ort / Verlag

London, England : Academic Press,

Erscheinungsjahr

[2024]

Link zum Volltext

• Elsevier Books AutoHoldings

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Front Cover -- FOUNDATIONS OF THE MIND, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIORAL RELATIONSHIPS -- FOUNDATIONS OF THE MIND, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIORAL RELATIONSHIPS -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- I - Neuroscience -- 1 - Introduction -- Overview -- The human brain -- Mind-body considerations -- Dualism -- Monism -- Reductionism -- Concepts of consciousness -- Eugenics and related implications -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 2 - Genetics and behavior -- Overview -- Deoxyribonucleic acid -- The study of genetics -- Molecular genetics -- Selective breeding -- Association method -- Behavior genetics -- Chromosomes -- Chromosomal abnormalities -- Down syndrome -- Klinefelter syndrome -- Triple-X syndrome -- Turner syndrome -- Genes -- Genetic abnormalities -- Sickle cell disease -- Cystic fibrosis -- Albinism -- Neurofibromatosis -- Duchenne muscular dystrophy -- Tay-Sachs disease -- Fragile X syndrome -- Huntington's disease -- Fabry disease -- Key terms -- References -- Further reading -- 3 - Neural tissue -- Overview -- Cells of the nervous system -- Neuroglia -- Neuroglia of the central nervous system -- Microglia -- Astrocytes -- Oligodendrocytes and myelination -- Ependymal cells -- Neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system -- Schwann cells -- Satellite cells -- Neurons -- Cell body -- Neuron processes -- The classification of neurons -- Structural classification -- Functional classification -- Sensory neurons -- Motor neurons -- Interneurons -- Cell membrane potential -- Resting membrane potential -- The sodium-potassium exchange pump -- Graded potentials -- Passive processes: the electrochemical gradient -- Membrane channels -- Passive ion channels -- Active ion channels -- Action potentials -- Threshold and the all-or-none principle -- Generation of action potentials -- The refractory period.
• Functions of the sodium-potassium exchange pump -- Action potential propagation -- Types of propagation -- Continuous propagation -- Saltatory propagation -- Axon diameter and propagation speed -- Synapses -- Types of synapses -- Electrical synapses -- Chemical synapses -- Function of chemical synapses -- Synaptic delay -- Synaptic fatigue -- Neuronal integration of excitatory and inhibitory stimuli -- Postsynaptic potentials -- Integrating postsynaptic potentials: summation -- Spatial summation -- Temporal summation -- Summation of EPSPs and IPSPs -- Presynaptic regulation: inhibition and facilitation -- The rate of action potential generation -- Degeneration and regeneration of nerve cells -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 4 - Neurotransmitters and synaptic transmission -- Overview -- Classifications of neurotransmitters -- Acetylcholine -- Dopamine -- Glutamine -- Gamma-aminobutyric acid -- Norepinephrine and epinephrine -- Serotonin -- Functional considerations -- Synthesis of neurotransmitters -- Presynaptic release of neurotransmitters -- Neurotransmitter binding to postsynaptic receptors -- Clinical considerations -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 5 - Characteristics of the nervous system -- Overview -- Divisions of the nervous system -- Brain divisions -- Cerebral cortex -- White matter of the cerebrum -- Basal nuclei -- Diencephalon -- Thalamus -- Hypothalamus -- Brainstem -- Midbrain -- Pons -- Medulla oblongata -- Cerebellum -- The limbic system -- The reticular formation -- The interconnected structures of the brain and mental functions -- Memory -- Language -- Consciousness -- Brain wave patterns and the EEG -- Sleep and sleep-wake cycles -- Spinal cord -- Spinal nerves -- Cross-sectional anatomy -- Gray matter -- White matter -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 6 - Autonomic nervous system -- Overview.
• Somatic nervous system versus autonomic nervous system -- Autonomic outflow system -- Sympathetic division -- Preganglionic sympathetic fibers -- Adrenal medulla -- Postganglionic sympathetic fibers -- Parasympathetic division -- Efferent pathways and ganglia -- Autonomic plexuses -- Autonomic innervation of the head -- Visceral afferent pathways -- Pathways to the brainstem -- Pathways to the spinal cord -- Visceral neurons and reflexes -- Cholinergic receptors -- Adrenergic receptors -- Hierarchy of the autonomic nervous system -- Functional considerations -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 7 - Sensation and perception -- Overview -- Sensation -- Bottom-up and top-down processing -- Sensory receptors of the brain -- Thresholds -- Absolute threshold -- Difference threshold -- Differential threshold -- Recognition threshold -- Terminal threshold -- Perception without awareness -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 8 - The visual system -- Overview -- Accessory structures of the eye -- Conjunctiva -- Extrinsic eye muscles -- Structures of the eye -- Chambers of the eye -- Lens -- Focusing light on the retina -- Information processing on the retina -- Photoreceptors -- Comparing rod and cone vision -- Visual pigments -- Phototransduction -- Functional structure of photoreceptors -- Light and optics -- Light and dark adaptation -- Visual pathway to the brain -- Depth perception -- Visual processing -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 9 - The auditory system -- Overview -- Structures of the ear -- External ear -- Middle ear -- Inner ear -- Organ of corti -- Tectorial membrane -- Endolymphatic duct and sac -- Cochlear nerve -- Basilar membrane -- Bony labyrinth microstructure -- Internal acoustic meatus -- Vascular supply -- Vestibular nerve -- Vestibular ganglion -- Intratemporal vestibular nerve -- Properties of sound -- Frequency -- Amplitude.
• Sound transduction -- The hearing process -- The pathway of sound waves -- The neural pathway of hearing -- Hearing tests -- Equilibrium -- Static equilibrium -- Dynamic equilibrium -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 10 - The senses of smell, taste, and touch -- Overview -- The sense of smell -- Olfactory receptors -- Olfactory pathway -- Functions of the olfactory system -- The sense of taste -- Basic taste sensations -- Physiology of gustation -- The gustatory pathway -- The sense of touch -- Perception of pain -- Pathophysiology of pain -- Classifications of pain -- Pain measurement -- Pain tolerance -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 11 - Regulation of movement -- Overview -- Muscle types -- Skeletal muscles -- Structure of skeletal muscle fibers -- Motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions -- Energy sources for contraction -- Isotonic and isometric contractions -- Muscle fatigue -- Superficial skeletal muscles -- Involvement of the central nervous system -- Motor skills -- Types of body movements -- Flexion and extension -- Abduction and adduction -- Circumduction -- Internal/medial rotation and external/lateral rotation -- Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion -- Pronation and supination -- Inversion and eversion -- Processes of movements in infants -- Effects of aging on the muscular system -- Apraxia -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 12 - Consciousness -- Overview -- The brain and consciousness -- Awareness levels -- High-level consciousness -- Low-level consciousness -- Alteration of consciousness -- Subconscious awareness -- Unconsciousness -- Sleep and sleep-wake cycles -- Types of sleep -- Sleep regulation -- Importance of sleep -- Sleep and the brain -- Sleep disorders -- Insomnia -- Sleep apnea -- Nightmares -- Night terrors -- Somnambulism -- Sleep talking -- Narcolepsy -- Dreams -- Cognitive theory of dreaming.
• Freud's psychodynamic approach -- Hypnosis -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 13 - Cognitive functions -- Overview -- Learning classifications -- The learning process -- Memory and intelligence -- Executive skill -- Facial expression and cognition -- Comprehension -- Cognitive disorders -- Dementia -- Amnesia -- Delirium -- Aphasias -- Alexia -- Agraphia -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 14 - Emotions -- Overview -- Biological factors -- Theories of emotion -- Cognitive factors -- Behavioral factors -- Sociocultural factors -- Classifying emotions -- Adaptive functions -- Happiness -- Sadness -- Fear -- Anger -- Surprise -- Disgust -- Inhibition and impulse control -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 15 - Neurological disorders -- Overview -- Cerebrovascular accident -- Neurodegenerative disorders -- Alzheimer's disease -- Vascular dementia -- Lewy body dementia -- Frontotemporal dementia -- HIV-associated dementia -- Parkinson's disease -- Huntington's disease -- Ataxia -- Motor neuron disease -- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- Progressive muscular atrophy -- Progressive bulbar palsy -- Primary lateral sclerosis -- Seizures -- Generalized seizures -- Partial seizure -- Absence seizure -- Tonic-clonic seizure -- Atonic seizures -- Myoclonic seizure -- Febrile seizures -- Status epilepticus -- Traumatic brain injury -- Brain and spinal tumors -- Spinal cord tumors -- Clinical cases -- Key terms -- Further reading -- II - Clinical considerations of physiological psychology -- 16 - Acute and chronic stress -- Overview -- Acute stress disorder -- Anxiety -- Posttraumatic stress disorder -- Adjustment disorders -- Clinical cases -- Clinical case 1 -- Clinical case 2 -- Clinical case 3 -- Clinical case 4 -- Clinical case 5 -- Clinical case 6 -- Key terms -- Further reading -- 17 - Affective disorders -- Overview -- Major depressive disorder.
• Persistent depressive disorder.
• Description based on print version record.