Details
- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Ketamine decreases inflammatory and immune pathways after transient hypoxia in late gestation fetal cerebral cortex
- Ist Teil von
- Physiological reports, 2016-03, Vol.4 (6), p.e12741-n/a
- Ort / Verlag
- United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2016
- Link zum Volltext
- Quelle
- Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- Transient hypoxia in pregnancy stimulates a physiological reflex response that redistributes blood flow and defends oxygen delivery to the fetal brain. We designed the present experiment to test the hypotheses that transient hypoxia produces damage of the cerebral cortex and that ketamine, an antagonist of NMDA receptors and a known anti‐inflammatory agent, reduces the damage. Late gestation, chronically catheterized fetal sheep were subjected to a 30‐min period of ventilatory hypoxia that decreased fetal PaO2 from 17 ± 1 to 10 ± 1 mmHg, or normoxia (PaO2 17 ± 1 mmHg), with or without pretreatment (10 min before hypoxia/normoxia) with ketamine (3 mg/kg, i.v.). One day (24 h) after hypoxia/normoxia, fetal cerebral cortex was removed and mRNA extracted for transcriptomics and systems biology analysis (n = 3–5 per group). Hypoxia stimulated a transcriptomic response consistent with a reduction in cellular metabolism and an increase in inflammation. Ketamine pretreatment reduced both of these responses. The inflammation response modeled with transcriptomic systems biology was validated by immunohistochemistry and showed increased abundance of microglia/macrophages after hypoxia in the cerebral cortical tissue that ketamine significantly reduced. We conclude that transient hypoxia produces inflammation of the fetal cerebral cortex and that ketamine, in a standard clinical dose, reduces the inflammation response. Transient hypoxia in pregnancy stimulates a physiological reflex response that redistributes blood flow and defends oxygen delivery to the fetal brain. We hypothesize that transient hypoxia produces damage of the cerebral cortex and that ketamine, an antagonist of NMDA receptors and a known anti‐inflammatory agent, reduces the damage. Transient hypoxia produces inflammation of the fetal cerebral cortex and that ketamine, in a standard clinical dose, reduces the inflammation response.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 2051-817XeISSN: 2051-817XDOI: 10.14814/phy2.12741Titel-ID: cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4814891
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology, Blood flow, Brain, Central Nervous System, Cerebral cortex, Cerebral Cortex - drug effects, Cerebral Cortex - immunology, Cerebral Cortex - metabolism, Cerebral Cortex - pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Experiments, FDA approval, Female, Fetal hypoxia, Fetal Hypoxia - drug therapy, Fetal Hypoxia - genetics, Fetal Hypoxia - immunology, Fetal Hypoxia - metabolism, Fetal Hypoxia - pathology, Fetuses, frontal cortex, Gene expression, Gene Expression Profiling - methods, Gene Expression Regulation, Gestation, Gestational Age, Glutamic acid receptors (ionotropic), Hypoxia, Hypoxia, Brain - drug therapy, Hypoxia, Brain - genetics, Hypoxia, Brain - immunology, Hypoxia, Brain - metabolism, Hypoxia, Brain - pathology, immune response, Immunohistochemistry, Immunology, Inflammation, Inflammation Mediators - immunology, Inflammation Mediators - metabolism, Intubation, Ischemia, Ketamine, Ketamine - pharmacology, Macrophages, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, Microglia, N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors, Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Original Research, Ostomy, Physiology, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger - metabolism, Sheep, Systems Biology, Time Factors