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Based on their location and central role in solid tumor growth, tumor vascular endothelial cells may present an attractive target for the delivery of therapeutic drugs or cells. The potency of blocking the tumor blood supply in eradicating solid tumors was demonstrated recently in a mouse model of tumor vasculature targeting (Huang
et al.,
Science 275: 547–550, 1997). For clinical application of such strategies, tumor endothelium specific target epitopes need to be identified. Recent studies on angiogenesis have identified angiogenesis-related molecules as potential target epitopes. Among these are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF-receptor complex, αv integrins, and Tie receptor tyrosine kinases. Besides blockade of their signalling cascades leading to inhibition of angiogenesis, these epitopes may also be instrumental in tumor vessel specific delivery of therapeutics. Data on the efficacy of therapeutic modalities aimed at these, mostly heterogeneously distributed tumor endothelial epitopes are scarce, and sophisticated experimentation is required to rationalize the development of new therapeutic strategies. Importantly, only detailed evaluations in cancer patients will provide the blueprint for the development of clinically effective tumor vascular targeted therapies.