Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Holick, Michael F
• Chen, Tai C

Titel

Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences

Ist Teil von

• The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2008-04, Vol.87 (4), p.1080S-1086S

Ort / Verlag

United States: American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

Erscheinungsjahr

2008

Quelle

Oxford Journals 2020 Medicine

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a pandemic. The major cause of vitamin D deficiency is the lack of appreciation that sun exposure in moderation is the major source of vitamin D for most humans. Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D, and foods that are fortified with vitamin D are often inadequate to satisfy either a child's or an adult's vitamin D requirement. Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in children and will precipitate and exacerbate osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures in adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of common cancers, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, and infectious diseases. A circulating level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of >75 nmol/L, or 30 ng/mL, is required to maximize vitamin D's beneficial effects for health. In the absence of adequate sun exposure, at least 800-1000 IU vitamin D3/d may be needed to achieve this in children and adults. Vitamin D2 may be equally effective for maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D when given in physiologic concentrations.