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•The relationship between power consumption and HHV/moisture content is discovered.•A model is developed to predict moisture content from power consumption.•Multi-objective optimization is performed using NSGA-II for energy conservation.•NSGA-II recommends 244 °C for torrefaction temperature and 27 min and 43 sec for time.•The optimized SCG biochar is 23.98 MJ∙kg−1 in HHV and requires 20.042 MJ∙kg−1 to produce.
Many energy-intensive processes are employed to enhance biomass fuel properties to overcome the difficulties in utilizing biomass as fuel. Therefore, energy conservation during these processes is crucial for realizing a circular bioeconomy. This study develops a newly devised method to evaluate SCG biochars’ higher heating value (HHV) and predict moisture content from power consumption. It is found that the increasing rates of HHV immediately follow decreases in power consumption, which could be used to determine the pretreatment time for energy conservation. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) maximizes SCG biochar’s HHV while minimizing energy consumption. The results show that producing SCG biochar with 23.98 MJ∙kg−1 HHV requires 20.042 MJ∙kg−1, using a torrefaction temperature of 244 °C and torrefaction time of 27 min and 43 sec. Every kilogram of biochar with an energy yield of 85.93 % is estimated to cost NT$ 12.21.