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Characterization, stability, digestion and absorption of a nobiletin nanoemulsion using DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine as an emulsifier in vivo and in vitro
Illustrative scheme for the preparation and characterization of nobiletin emulsion as well as the evaluation of the bioaccessibility.
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•Marine derived phospholipids exhibited good emulsification ability.•The nobiletin-loaded nanoemulsion was stable with small particle size.•The nanoemulsion using DHA-PC as emulsifiers to increase the bioavailability of nobiletin.•The nobiletin encapsulated in nanoemulsion quickly entered the serum.
The emulsification ability of phospholipids might be associated with fatty acid composition. However, there is no research regarding the emulsification ability of marine-derived phospholipids rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The present study developed a nanoemulsion delivery system using DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine as an emulsifier to deliver the poorly soluble ingredient nobiletin. The prepared nobiletin-loaded nanoemulsion was stable, with a small particle size of approximately 200 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.082, and a neutral zeta potential. The nobiletin-loaded nanoemulsion exhibited high lipolysis ability in in vitro experiments. Moreover, the nobiletin-encapsulated nanoemulsion was digested quickly and entered the serum faster than the oil suspension. There was a high distribution of nobiletin in organs such as the liver, brain, kidney, and spleen in the emulsion group after oral administration for 2 h. The findings provided a nanoemulsion delivery system to increase the bioavailability of nobiletin in vitro and in vivo.