Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Finken, Martijn J J
• van der Steen, Manouk
• Smeets, Carolina C J
• Walenkamp, Marie J E
• de Bruin, Christiaan
• Hokken-Koelega, Anita C S
• Wit, Jan M

Titel

Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Differential Diagnosis, Molecular Genetic Evaluation, and Implications

Ist Teil von

• Endocrine reviews, 2018-12, Vol.39 (6), p.851-894

Ort / Verlag

Washington, DC: Endocrine Society

Erscheinungsjahr

2018

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Oxford Journals 2020 Medicine

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Abstract Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length below −2 SD score (SDS), comprise a heterogeneous group. The causes of SGA are multifactorial and include maternal lifestyle and obstetric factors, placental dysfunction, and numerous fetal (epi)genetic abnormalities. Short-term consequences of SGA include increased risks of hypothermia, polycythemia, and hypoglycemia. Although most SGA infants show catch-up growth by 2 years of age, ∼10% remain short. Short children born SGA are amenable to GH treatment, which increases their adult height by on average 1.25 SD. Add-on treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist may be considered in early pubertal children with an expected adult height below −2.5 SDS. A small birth size increases the risk of later neurodevelopmental problems and cardiometabolic diseases. GH treatment does not pose an additional risk. Based on a thorough literature search, the causes and consequences of small birth size for gestational age are described, as are the results of GH treatment.