Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Schoots, Mirthe H.
• Gordijn, Sanne J.
• Scherjon, Sicco A.
• van Goor, Harry
• Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk

Titel

Oxidative stress in placental pathology

Ist Teil von

• Placenta (Eastbourne), 2018-09, Vol.69, p.153-161

Ort / Verlag

Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2018

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• The most important function of the placenta is the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between a mother and her fetus. To establish a healthy functioning placenta, placentation needs to occur with adequate remodelling of spiral arteries by extravillous trophoblasts. When this process is impaired, the resulting suboptimal and inadequate placenta function results in the manifestation of pregnancy complications. Impaired placenta function can cause preeclampsia and leads to fetal growth restriction due to hypoxia. Presence of hypoxia leads to oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, thereby causing damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. In the placenta, signs of morphological adaptation in response to hypoxia can be found. Different placental lesions like maternal or fetal vascular malperfusion or chronic villitis lead to a decreased exchange of oxygen between the mother and the fetus. Clinically, several biomarkers indicative for oxidative stress, e.g. malondialdehyde and reduced levels of free thiols are found. This review aims to give an overview of the causes and (potential) role of placental oxidative stress in the development of placental parenchymal pathology and its clinical consequences. Also, therapeutic options aiming at prevention or treatment of hypoxia of the placenta and fetus are described. •Placental ischemia is associated with excess ROS formation.•Oxidative stress may cause placental tissue damage.•Tissue damage affects parenchymal and circulatory (fetal and maternal) compartments.•Biomarkers of oxidative stress may predict pregnancy complications.•Targeting ROS may reduce pregnancy complications.