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Renewable Feedstocks: The Problem of Catalyst Deactivation and its Mitigation
Ist Teil von
Angewandte Chemie (International ed.), 2015-11, Vol.54 (45), p.13186-13197
Auflage
International ed. in English
Ort / Verlag
Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag
Erscheinungsjahr
2015
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Alma/SFX Local Collection
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Much research has been carried out in the last decade to convert bio‐based feedstock into fuels and chemicals. Most of the research focuses on developing active and selective catalysts, with much less attention devoted to their long‐term stability. This Review considers the main challenges in long‐term catalyst stability, discusses some fundamentals, and presents options for their mitigation. Three main challenges are discussed: catalyst fouling, catalyst poisoning, and catalyst destruction. Fouling is generally related to the deposition of insoluble components present in the feed or formed by degradation of the feed or intermediates. Poisoning is related to the deposition of electropositive contaminants (e.g. alkali and alkaline earth metals) on acid sites or of electronegative contaminants (e.g. N and S) at hydrogenation sites. Catalyst destruction results from the thermodynamic instability of most oxidic supports, solid acids/bases, and hydrogenation functions under hydrothermal conditions.
Rising to the challenge: This Review focuses on the main challenges concerning the long‐term stability of catalysts for the conversion of bio‐based feedstock into fuels and chemicals. Methods have been proposed to achieve this goal. Three main challenges need to be overcome to solve the problem of catalyst deactivation: catalyst fouling, catalyst poisoning, and catalyst destruction.