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In order to study the effect of environmental pollution on respiratory system of adolescents, this study investigates the effect of different pollution types (air, water body and soil) on cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents. By selecting four cities with different pollution degrees as the test object, we analyze the quality conditions of which, and compare the change of adolescents cardiorespiratory endurance and lung function parameters under different levels. Finally, the effect of different pollution types on the cardiorespiratory endurance are illuminated by covariance. During the study period of the test data, the SPSS 17.0 software was used to statistics and analysis the data correlation. Moreover, we test the data independence and judge the data differences. The experimental results showed that there were multiple occurrences of P < 0.05 in air pollution environment, indicating that air pollution had a significant impact on cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents. There was no effect on cardiorespiratory fitness of adolescents in water pollution and soil pollution. There was a significant difference in the middle-grade physical activity subjects between the areas with heavy air pollution and light air pollution. In addition, only pollutants that have direct contact with the respiratory system of adolescents can affect the cardiopulmonary function of adolescents, thereby affecting their cardiorespiratory fitness.