Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Nakamura, Tetsuya
• Klomp, Jeff
• Pieretti, Joyce
• Schneider, Igor
• Gehrke, Andrew R.
• Shubin, Neil H.

Titel

Molecular mechanisms underlying the exceptional adaptations of batoid fins

Ist Teil von

• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2015-12, Vol.112 (52), p.15940-15945

Ort / Verlag

United States: National Academy of Sciences

Erscheinungsjahr

2015

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Extreme novelties in the shape and size of paired fins are exemplified by extinct and extant cartilaginous and bony fishes. Pectoral fins of skates and rays, such as the little skate (Batoid, Leucoraja erinacea), show a strikingly unique morphology where the pectoral fin extends anteriorly to ultimately fuse with the head. This results in a morphology that essentially surrounds the body and is associated with the evolution of novel swimming mechanisms in the group. In an approach that extends from RNA sequencing to in situ hybridization to functional assays, we show that anterior and posterior portions of the pectoral fin have different genetic underpinnings: canonical genes of appendage development control posterior fin development via an apical ectodermal ridge (AER), whereas an alternativeHomeobox(Hox)–Fibroblast growth factor(Fgf)–Wingless type MMTV integration site family(Wnt) genetic module in the anterior region creates an AER-like structure that drives anterior fin expansion. Finally, we show thatGLI family zinc finger 3(Gli3), which is an anterior repressor of tetrapod digits, is expressed in the posterior half of the pectoral fin of skate, shark, and zebrafish but in the anterior side of the pelvic fin. Taken together, these data point to both highly derived and deeply ancestral patterns of gene expression in skate pectoral fins, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind the evolution of novel fin morphologies.