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The behavioral pharmacology of zolpidem: evidence for the functional significance of [alpha]1-containing GABA^sub A^ receptors
Ist Teil von
Psychopharmacology, 2014-05, Vol.231 (9), p.1865
Ort / Verlag
Heidelberg: Springer Nature B.V
Erscheinungsjahr
2014
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
EBSCOhost Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Zolpidem is a positive allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with preferential binding affinity and efficacy for [alpha]1-subunit containing GABA^sub A^ receptors ([alpha]1-GABA^sub A^Rs). Over the last three decades, a variety of animal models and experimental procedures have been used in an attempt to relate the behavioral profile of zolpidem and classic benzodiazepines (BZs) to their interaction with [alpha]1-GABA^sub A^Rs. This paper reviews the results of rodent and non-human primate studies that have evaluated the effects of zolpidem on motor behaviors, anxiety, memory, food and fluid intake, and electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep patterns. Also included are studies that examined zolpidem's discriminative, reinforcing, and anticonvulsant effects as well as behavioral signs of tolerance and withdrawal. The literature reviewed indicates that [alpha]1-GABA^sub A^Rs play a principle role in mediating the hypothermic, ataxic-like, locomotor- and memory-impairing effects of zolpidem and BZs. Evidence also suggests that [alpha]1-GABA^sub A^Rs play partial roles in the hypnotic, EEG sleep, anticonvulsant effects, and anxiolytic-like of zolpidem and diazepam. These studies also indicate that [alpha]1-GABA^sub A^Rs play a more prominent role in mediating the discriminative stimulus, reinforcing, hyperphagic, and withdrawal effects of zolpidem and BZs in primates than in rodents. The psychopharmacological data from both rodents and non-human primates suggest that zolpidem has a unique pharmacological profile when compared with classic BZs. The literature reviewed here provides an important framework for studying the role of different GABA^sub A^R subtypes in the behavioral effects of BZ-type drugs and helps guide the development of new pharmaceutical agents for disorders currently treated with BZ-type drugs.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]