Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Schinzel, Eileen
• Kast, Stephanie
• Kohl, Matthias
• von Stengel, Simon
• Jakob, Franz
• Kerschan-Schindl, Katharina
• Kladny, Bernd
• Lange, Uwe
• Peters, Stefan
• Thomasius, Friederike
• Clausen, Jürgen
• Uder, Michael
• Kemmler, Wolfgang

Titel

The effect of aquatic exercise on bone mineral density in older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ist Teil von

• Frontiers in physiology, 2023-03, Vol.14, p.1135663-1135663

Ort / Verlag

Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A

Erscheinungsjahr

2023

Quelle

Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Aquatic or water-based exercise is a very popular type of exercise in particular for people with physical limitations, joint problems and fear of falling. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide evidence for the effect of aquatic exercise on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in adults. A systematic literature search of five electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL) according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was conducted until 2022/01/30, with an update to 2022/10/07. We included controlled trials with a duration of more than 6 months and at least two study groups, aquatic exercise (EG) versus non-training controls (CG) with no language restrictions. Outcome measures were standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95%-confidence intervals (95%-CI) for BMD changes at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). We applied a random-effects meta-analysis and used the inverse heterogeneity (IVhet) model to analyze the data. Excluding an outlier study with an exceptionally high effect size for LS-BMD, we observed a statistically significant ( = .002) effect (EG vs. CG) of aquatic exercise for the LS-BMD (n = 10; SMD: 0.30; 95%-CI: 0.11-0.49). In parallel, the effect of aquatic exercise on FN-BMD was statistically significant ( = .034) compared to the CG (n = 10; SMD: 0.76, 95%-CI: 0.06-1.46). Of importance, heterogeneity between the trial results was negligible for LS (I : 7%) but substantial for FN-BMD (I : 87%). Evidence for risks of small study/publication bias was low for LS-BMD and considerable for FN-BMD. In summary, the present systematic review and meta-analysis provides further evidence for the favorable effect of exercise on bone health in adults. Due to its safety and attractiveness, we particularly recommend water-based exercise for people unable, afraid or unmotivated to conduct intense land-based exercise programs.