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Assessing the distribution of sedimentary C 40 carotenoids through time
Ist Teil von
Geobiology, 2015-03, Vol.13 (2), p.139-151
Erscheinungsjahr
2015
Quelle
Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Abstract
A comprehensive marine biomarker record of green and purple sulfur bacteria (
GSB
and
PSB
, respectively) is required to test whether anoxygenic photosynthesis represented a greater fraction of marine primary productivity during the Precambrian than the Phanerozoic, as current models of ocean redox evolution suggest. For this purpose, we analyzed marine rock extracts and oils from the Proterozoic to the Paleogene for C
40
diagenetic products of carotenoid pigments using new analytical methods. Gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry provides a new perspective on the temporal distributions of carotenoid biomarkers for phototrophic sulfur bacteria, specifically okenane, chlorobactane, and paleorenieratane. According to conventional paleoredox interpretations, this revised stratigraphic distribution of the
GSB
and
PSB
biomarkers implies that the shallow sunlit surface ocean (<24 m) became sulfidic more frequently in the geologic past than was previously thought. We reexamine whether there is evidence supporting a planktonic source of
GSB
and
PSB
pigments in marine systems or whether additional factors are required to explain the marine phototrophic sulfur bacteria record. To date, planktonic
GSB
and
PSB
and their pigments have been identified in restricted basins and lakes, but they have yet to be detected in the unrestricted, transiently sulfidic, marine systems. Based on modern observations, additional environmental factors, including basin restriction, microbial mats, or sediment transport, may be required to fully explain
GSB
and
PSB
carotenoids in the geologic record.
Sprache
Englisch
Identifikatoren
ISSN: 1472-4677
eISSN: 1472-4669
DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12126
Titel-ID: cdi_crossref_primary_10_1111_gbi_12126
Format
–
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