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Dolomite and fluorapatite are the most common minerals found in phosphorus ore flotation tailings (PTs). The migration and transformation behavior of large amounts of soluble impurities phosphorus (P), fluoride (F) and heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb) in PTs were studied. The solidification/leaching mechanism of pollutants in PTs treated with nine materials, namely nitrate sulfur gypsum (NG), phosphogypsum (PG), desulfurization gypsum (FGD), polyaluminium chloride (PAC), hydroxyapatite (HAP), humic acid (HA), MgO, FeSO4, CaCl2, was respectively simulated and investigated through the PHREEQC by using solid-solid phase reaction. 2.25 wt% PAC or 1.00 wt% FeSO4 treatment of PTs due to the favorable polymerization capabilities of P and F stabilization efficiency were 83.70% and 77.66%, MgO treatment also showed obvious stabilization/solidification effect on P, F and heavy metals. The migration and transformation behaviors of pollutants in PTs were primarily influenced by the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and acid-base conditions. Dissolution-precipitation, reduction-oxidation, and adsorption-complexation were the key mechanisms of pollutants’ behavior, and these processes are controlled by the moisture content and particle size distribution of PTs. The stabilization/solidification system, featuring in simple solid-solid phase reaction conditions and multi-waste synergistic treatment provides the possibility of further harmless treatment and resource utilization of PTs.
•The behavior of soluble harmful impurities in PTs were studied for the first time.•The reaction mechanism between solid-solid phase was simulated by the PHREEQC.•Multi-waste synergistic treatment provides the possibility of harmless of PTs.