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Comparison between decrosslinking of crosslinked high and low density polyethylenes via ultrasonically aided extrusion
Ist Teil von
Polymer (Guilford), 2015-07, Vol.70, p.290-306
Ort / Verlag
Elsevier Ltd
Erscheinungsjahr
2015
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Among various polymer wastes, management of crosslinked plastics is a major environmental problem requiring a solution. Among various crosslinked plastics, recycling of crosslinked polyethylenes is of a great importance due to the presence of a three-dimensional network. To solve this problem, novel environmentally friendly technologies for decrosslinking of the crosslinked polymers are developed based on ultrasonically assisted single (SSE) and twin screw (TSE) extruders. In particular, decrosslinking of peroxide crosslinked high-density polyethylene (XHDPE) and low-density polyethylene (XLDPE) by means of an ultrasonic SSE and TSE is investigated. Barrel pressure, die pressure and ultrasonic power consumption during extrusion are recorded. Swelling, rheological, thermal analysis and tensile tests are used to elucidate the structure–property relationships of decrosslinked XHDPE and XLDPE. The frequency dependencies of the storage and loss moduli, complex viscosity and tangent loss of XHDPE, XLDPE and their decrosslinked networks are described by the post critical gel model with its parameters correlated with gel fraction and crosslink density. The dynamic, thermal and tensile properties of the decrosslinked XHDPE and XLDPE are greatly affected by the type of preferential bond breakage. It was found that the decrosslinking of XLDPE is more difficult than that of XHDPE. An analysis based on the Horikx function reveals a highly preferential breakage of crosslinks during decrosslinking of XHDPE. In contrast to decrosslinking of XHDPE, the presence of long-chain branching in XLDPE is found to lead to the breakage of its main chains during decrosslinking. An improvement and a reduction in mechanical properties of decrosslinked XHDPE and XLDPE are, respectively, observed in comparison with those of virgin XHDPE and XLDPE. Such differences in behavior are due to the occurrence of a highly preferential breakage of crosslinks in XHDPE and the breakage of main chains in XLDPE during ultrasonic decrosslinking.
Stress–strain curves of HDPE, LDPE, XHDPE and XLDPE (a) and decrosslinked XHDPE (b) and XLDPE (c) by SSE and TSE with and without ultrasonic treatment. [Display omitted]
•Novel environmentally friendly technologies for decrosslinking of the crosslinked polymers are developed.•Ultrasonic single- and twin-screw extruders are used to decrosslink polyolefins are employed.•The decrosslinked polyolefins with superior mechanical properties are obtained.