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In this chapter, we give the first example of a family of extensions whose Galois group is actually computable: this is the family of extensions of a field by roots of unity. The earliest work on this subject is due to Vandermonde (1770). It was followed by work of Gauss, in particular his beautiful discovery, on March 30, 1796, at the age of 19, of the construction of the regular polygon with 17 sides with ruler and compass (see Exercise 9.7) and its consequences.