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Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte
Titel
Observational research rigour alone does not justify causal inference
Ist Teil von
  • European journal of clinical investigation, 2016-12, Vol.46 (12), p.985-993
Ort / Verlag
England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Erscheinungsjahr
2016
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals
Beschreibungen/Notizen
  • Background Differing opinions exist on whether associations obtained in observational studies can be reliable indicators of a causal effect if the observational study is sufficiently well controlled and executed. Materials and methods To test this, we conducted two animal observational studies that were rigorously controlled and executed beyond what is achieved in studies of humans. In study 1, we randomized 332 genetically identical C57BL/6J mice into three diet groups with differing food energy allotments and recorded individual self‐selected daily energy intake and lifespan. In study 2, 60 male mice (CD1) were paired and divided into two groups for a 2‐week feeding regimen. We evaluated the association between weight gain and food consumption. Within each pair, one animal was randomly assigned to an S group in which the animals had free access to food. The second paired animal (R group) was provided exactly the same diet that their S partner ate the day before. Results In study 1, across all three groups, we found a significant negative effect of energy intake on lifespan. However, we found a positive association between food intake and lifespan among the ad libitum feeding group: 29·99 (95% CI: 8·2–51·7) days per daily kcal. In study 2, we found a significant (P = 0·003) group (randomized vs. self‐selected)‐by‐food consumption interaction effect on weight gain. Conclusion At least in nutrition research, associations derived from observational studies may not be reliable indicators of causal effects, even with the most rigorous study designs achievable.

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