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Preeminent productivity of 1,3-propanediol by Clostridium butyricum JKT37 and the role of using calcium carbonate as pH neutraliser in glycerol fermentation
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•A novel strain for PDO production was isolated from palm oil mill effluent.•Batch productivity in bioreactor can achieve as high as 2.80g/Lh.•Proposed the use of calcium carbonate to maintain pH range during fermentation.•A control fermentation volume was established without the addition of acid or base.
Calcium carbonate was evaluated as a replacement for the base during the fermentation of glycerol by a highly productive strain of 1,3-propanediol (PDO), viz., Clostridium butyricum JKT37. Due to its high specific growth rate (µmax=0.53h−1), 40g/L of glycerol was completely converted into 19.6g/L of PDO in merely 7h of batch fermentation, leaving only acetate and butyrate as the by-products. The accumulation of these volatile fatty acids was circumvented with the addition of calcium carbonate as the pH neutraliser before the fermentation was inoculated. An optimal amount of 15g/L of calcium carbonate was statistically determined from screening with various glycerol concentrations (20–120g/L). By substituting potassium hydroxide with calcium carbonate as the pH neutraliser for fermentation in a bioreactor, a similar yield (YPDO/glycerol=0.6mol/mol) with a constant pH was achieved at the end of the fermentation.