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A technique to produce biodiesel from crude
Jatropha curcas seed oil (CJCO) having high free fatty acids (15%FFA) has been developed. The high FFA level of JCJO was reduced to less than 1% by a two-step pretreatment process. The first step was carried out with 0.60
w/w methanol-to-oil ratio in the presence of 1% w/w H
2SO
4 as an acid catalyst in 1-h reaction at 50
°C. After the reaction, the mixture was allowed to settle for 2
h and the methanol–water mixture separated at the top layer was removed. The second step was transesterified using 0.24
w/w methanol to oil and 1.4% w/w NaOH to oil as alkaline catalyst to produce biodiesel at 65
°C. The final yield for methyl esters of fatty acids was achieved ca. 90% in 2
h.