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Dehalococcoides mccartyi Strain JNA in Pure Culture Extensively Dechlorinates Aroclor 1260 According to Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Dechlorination Process N
We isolated Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain JNA from the JN mixed culture which was enriched and maintained using the highly chlorinated commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1260 for organohalide respiration. For isolation we grew the culture in minimal liquid medium with 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl (236–236-CB)(20 μM) as respiratory electron acceptor. We repeatedly carried out serial dilutions to extinction and recovered dechlorination activity from transfers of 10–7 and 10–8 dilutions. Fluorescence microscopy, DGGE and RFLP analysis of PCR amplified16S rRNA genes, and multilocus sequence typing of three housekeeping genes confirmed culture purity. No growth occurred on complex media. JNA dechlorinated most hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls in Aroclor 1260 (50 μg/mL) leading to losses of 51% and 20%, respectively. Dechlorination was predominantly from flanked meta positions of 34-, 234-, 235-, 236-, 245-, 2345-, 2346-, and 2356-chlorophenyl rings, as indicated by the underscores. The major products were 24–24-CB, 24–26-CB, 24–25-CB, and 25–26-CB. We identified 85 distinct PCB dechlorination reactions and 56 different PCB dechlorination pathways catalyzed by JNA. Dechlorination pathways were confirmed by mass balance of substrates and products. This dechlorination pattern matches PCB Dechlorination Process N. JNA is the first pure culture demonstrated to carry out this extensive and environmentally relevant PCB dechlorination pattern.