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What effect does the environment have on amino acid transport, and what does this mean for virulence and resistance? S. aureus can alter the total intracellular amino acid concentration and relative abundance of individual amino acids in response to external osmotic and pH stress [2]. Intracellular amino acid concentrations influence physiology and virulence levels by controlling the activity of the stringent response (ppGpp) and c-di-AMP nucleotide signaling systems, and the global transcriptional regulator CodY. Recently it was demonstrated that GlnPQ does not transport glutamine and that AlsT is instead the main glutamine transporter [9]. [...]AlsT-mediated glutamine uptake decreased c-di-AMP levels, which is known to effect cell envelope homeostasis, virulence and β-lactam resistance [9,25]. The low-affinity transporter TcyABC and the high-affinity permease TcyP, which transport the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and cystine, were recently implicated in virulence using a mouse model of systemic infection [11].