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This paper investigates the compensation of Court musicians in the late 16th century, a period of transition from a medieval feudal system to a market economy. Using data from the lyrolian archives, the paper demonstrates that one cannot measure the socio-economic status of Court musicians in the Household of Archduke Ferdinand II in Innsbruck only by their wages, but that one must also take into consideration all of the financial, material, and non-material incentives that a Court might provide in the late 16th century. The incentives provided by Archduke Ferdinand's Court in Tyrol constitute a patronage system that is representative of other Courts at the time.