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In this paper, a novel rate-based description of nonreactive and reactive dividing wall columns is presented. These highly integrated units promise advantages in the context of process intensification. Until now, published studies have been focused on the nonreactive columns, based on equilibrium stage models, whereas the modeling of both dividing wall columns and reactive dividing wall columns, using the rate-based approach, has not been done yet. In the presented model, special attention is given to phenomena that have not been considered in previous publications (e.g., heat transfer through the dividing wall). The model has been applied to a nonreactive, ternary alcohol mixture and successfully validated. The transesterification of carbonates has been identified as an interesting system for the reactive dividing wall column. This reaction system is equilibrium limited and characterized by high conversion, yet low selectivity. Initial simulation studies demonstrate that the selectivity can be significantly increased by means of the reactive dividing wall column. Besides, this highly integrated unit enables a more efficient separation of products and nonconverted reactants, resulting in a reduction in the separation unit number.