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Journal - American Water Works Association, 2007-10, Vol.99 (10), p.24-25
Ort / Verlag
Denver: American Water Works Association
Erscheinungsjahr
2007
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Wiley eJournals
Beschreibungen/Notizen
The article begins by offering several definitions for the term “demand hardening” and states that demand hardening is said to occur as a result of longer‐term conservation measures (education, outdoor use restrictions, incentive and rebate programs, and price structure changes) that make it increasingly difficult for utilities to induce further reductions in water use during drought. As consumers take the least painful conservation steps, further cutbacks result in increased customer inconvenience and loss of satisfaction. For residential customers, cutbacks typically start with outdoor uses until valuable plants or trees become involved. At that point, in‐house cutbacks may be considered (Billings & Jones, 1996; Hall, 1996) as further restrictions or price increases are imposed.