Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Preedy, Victor R.,

Titel

The neuroscience of cocaine : mechanisms and treatment

Ort / Verlag

London, England : Academic Press,

Erscheinungsjahr

2017

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
• Front Cover -- The Neuroscience of Cocaine -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- I. General Aspects, Features of Ill Health and Setting the Scene -- 1 The Nervous System: A Starter Pack for Beginners -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Development of the Brain -- 1.3 The Parts of the Brain -- 1.3.1 The Lateral Surface -- 1.3.2 The Sagittal Surface -- 1.3.3 The Cranial Nerves -- 1.4 Cells of the Nervous System -- 1.5 Sensory Systems of the Brain -- 1.5.1 Somatosensory System ("Skin Sense") -- 1.5.2 Proprioception ("Position Sense") -- 1.5.3 Auditory System -- 1.5.4 Visual System -- 1.5.5 Smell -- 1.5.6 Taste -- 1.6 More Complex Sensory Processing -- 1.7 Cognitive Processing -- 1.8 Motor Systems -- 1.9 Higher Brain Functions -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 2 Sex Differences in the Effects and Actions of Cocaine -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Dopamine Signaling -- 2.2.1 Sex Differences in Dopamine Signaling -- 2.2.2 Estradiol's Effects on Dopamine Signaling -- 2.3 Behavioral Effects of Cocaine -- 2.3.1 Sex Differences in the Behavioral Response to Cocaine -- 2.3.2 Estradiol's Effects on Behavior -- 2.4 Motivational Aspects of Cocaine Use -- 2.4.1 Sex Differences in Motivation: Choice Paradigm -- 2.4.2 Estradiol's Effects on Motivation -- 2.5 Mechanisms of Addiction -- 2.6 Sex Differences in Cocaine Use in Humans -- 2.7 Summary -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 3 Contribution of Stress to Cocaine Addiction -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Clinical Evidence -- 3.3 Preclinical Animal Studies -- 3.4 Stress and Acquisition of Cocaine Self-Administration -- 3.5 Stress and Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration.
• 3.6 Stress and Reinstatement of Extinguished Cocaine Seeking -- 3.6.1 Stress-Triggered Relapse -- 3.6.2 Stage-Setting Effects of Stress -- 3.7 Effects of Cocaine Use on Stress Responses -- 3.8 Genetics and Stress -- 3.9 Sex Differences -- 3.10 Treatment Implications -- 3.11 Overview -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 4 Strokes Associated With Cocaine Use -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Epidemiology -- 4.3 Clinical Features -- 4.4 Pathophysiology -- 4.4.1 Vasospasm -- 4.4.2 Cocaine-Induced Platelet Activation -- 4.4.3 Endothelial Dysfunction From Chronic Cocaine Use -- 4.4.4 Premature Atherogenesis Among Chronic Cocaine Users -- 4.4.5 Cocaine-Induced Apoptosis of Cerebral Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells -- 4.4.6 Vasculitis -- 4.4.7 Cardiac Embolism -- 4.4.8 Other Mechanisms -- 4.5 Treatment -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 5 Concentrations of Cocaine in Blood Samples From Impaired Drivers and Drug-Related Deaths -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Disposition and Fate of Cocaine in the Body -- 5.3 Absorption and Distribution -- 5.4 Metabolism -- 5.5 Excretion -- 5.6 Determination of Cocaine in Biological Specimens -- 5.7 Stability of Cocaine in Blood -- 5.8 Cocaine in Blood From Impaired Drivers -- 5.9 Cocaine in Autopsy Blood Samples -- 5.10 Interpretation of Cocaine Concentrations -- 5.11 Discussion -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 6 Cocaine Postmortem Distribution in Brain -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Cocaine -- 6.3 Cocaine Postmortem Redistribution and Brain Concentrations -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 7 Cocaine Adulterants and Effects on Monoamine Transporters -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations.
• 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Adulterants and Their Occurrence in "CheckIt!" Samples -- 7.3 Overview of Adulterants Found in Samples Sold as Cocaine, Their Pharmacological Mode of Action, and the Potential Benef... -- 7.3.1 Local Anesthetics -- 7.3.2 Amphetamines -- 7.3.3 Synthetic Cathinones -- 7.3.4 Analgesics -- 7.3.5 Caffeine -- 7.3.6 Hydroxycine -- 7.4 The Case of Levamisole: How a Compound of Low Activity can Promote Significant Activity -- Acknowledgments -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 8 Global Approaches in the Analysis of Cocaine-Induced Gene Expression -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 8.1 RNA-Seq, Microarrays, and the Search for an Accurate Picture of RNA Expression -- 8.2 Explosion of the Sequencing Field -- 8.3 Applying High-Throughput Techniques to the Analysis of Gene Expression in the Brain -- 8.3.1 mRNA Studies -- 8.3.2 microRNA Studies -- 8.3.3 Proteomic Studies -- 8.4 Cocaine Abuse -- 8.4.1 The Reward Circuitry of the Brain -- 8.4.2 Overview of Signaling Pathways -- 8.5 Global Analyses of Cocaine-Mediated Gene Expression -- 8.5.1 mRNA Expression in Postmortem Human Overdose Victims and Rodent Models of Addiction -- 8.5.2 microRNAs and Their Emerging Role in Cocaine Research -- 8.5.3 Proteomics and Drug Abuse Research -- 8.5.4 The Future of Drug Abuse Research -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- II. Molecular Effects -- 9 Cocaine and Epigenetics: An Overview -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Epigenetic Mechanisms -- 9.2.1 The miRNAs -- 9.2.1.1 miRNA and Cocaine -- 9.2.2 DNA Methylation -- 9.2.2.1 The DNA Methylation/Demethylation Mechanisms -- 9.2.2.2 DNA Methylation and Cocaine -- 9.2.3 The Methylated DNA-Binding Proteins -- 9.2.3.1 The MeCP2 Protein -- 9.2.3.2 MeCP2 and Cocaine -- 9.2.4 The Posttranslational Modifications of Histones.
• 9.2.4.1 Histone Acetylation/Deacetylation -- 9.2.4.2 Histone Acetylation/Deacetylation and Cocaine -- 9.2.4.3 Behavioral Effects of HDAC Inhibitors and Cocaine -- 9.2.4.4 Histone Methylation and Cocaine -- 9.3 Conclusion and Perspectives -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 10 DNA Methylation, Psychostimulant-Induced Addiction and the Position of Cocaine -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 DNA Methylation and DNA Methyltransferases -- 10.3 DNA Demethylation -- 10.4 Interplay Between Different Epigenetic Modifications -- 10.5 Role of DNA Methylation in Psychostimulant-Induced Neuroplasticity -- 10.6 Role of DNA Demethylation in Psychostimulant-Induced Neuroplasticity -- 10.7 The Effect of Psychostimulants on Whole-Genome Methylation Level -- 10.8 Role of DNA Methylation and Demethylation in Psychostimulant-Induced Behavior -- 10.9 Conclusions -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 11 MicroRNAs and Cocaine -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 miRNAs Biogenesis and Function -- 11.3 miRNAs in the Brain -- 11.4 miRNAs and Cocaine -- 11.4.1 miR-212 -- 11.4.2 Ago2 -- 11.4.3 miR-124 and let-7b -- 11.4.4 miR-181a -- 11.5 Perspectives and Challenges of miRNA Research in Cocaine Addiction -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 12 Cocaine and Transcription Factors -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Structure and Function of Transcription Factors -- 12.3 Cocaine and Transcription Factors -- 12.4 CREB and AP-1: TFs Directly Regulated by Cocaine -- 12.5 Immediate Early Genes -- 12.5.1 EGRs -- 12.5.2 NF&amp -- Kappa -- B1 -- 12.5.2.1 The Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1) -- 12.6 Homeobox-Containing Genes and Other TFs Related to CNS Development -- 12.7 TFs Related to Dopaminergic (DA) Differentiation.
• 12.8 TFs and Circadian Rhythm -- 12.9 Alternative Signaling Pathways That Mediate the Effects of Cocaine in the Expression and Activity of TFs -- 12.9.1 JAK/STAT Pathway -- 12.9.2 MEF2C -- 12.9.3 MEF2A -- 12.10 Conclusion -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 13 Cocaine and Posttranslational Modifications of Neuronal Proteins -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Role of DARPP-32 and Protein Phosphatase Regulation in Cocaine Effects -- 13.3 Role of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Cocaine Effects -- 13.4 Role of Akt, GSK3, and mTor in Cocaine Effects -- 13.5 Other Protein Kinases Involved in Cocaine Effects -- 13.6 Effects of Cocaine on Glutamate Receptor Phosphorylation -- 13.6.1 AMPA Receptors (AMPAR) -- 13.6.2 NMDAR -- 13.7 Posttranslational Modifications of Nuclear Proteins and Effects of Cocaine on Chromatin and Transcription -- 13.8 Histone Posttranslational Modifications -- 13.9 Conclusions -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 14 Use of Knock-In Mice to Investigate the Molecular Mechanism of Cocaine Action -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Knockout Mice -- 14.3 Cocaine-Insensitive Dopamine Transporter Mutant -- 14.4 DAT-CI Mice -- 14.5 DAT Knockdown Mice -- 14.6 Restoring Cocaine Effects Using Viral Vectors -- 14.7 Additional Studies Using DAT-CI Mice -- 14.8 Knock-In Mice with Cocaine-Insensitive NET or SERT -- Mini-Dictionary of Terms -- References -- 15 Mechanisms That Regulate the Expression of Dopamine D1 Receptor in Cocaine Addiction -- Summary Points -- Key Facts -- List of Abbreviations -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Cocaine-Induced Changes in D1 Receptor Expression -- 15.3 Extracellular Factors That Regulate D1 Receptor Expression -- 15.3.1 Adenosine and cAMP -- 15.3.2 Dopamine -- 15.3.3 Norepinephrine.
• 15.3.4 Serotonin.
• Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed June 21, 2017).