Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Wang, Chengshan,
• Xu, Tao,
• Liu, Yixin,

Titel

Microgrid Methodologies and Emergent Applications

Auflage

First edition

Ort / Verlag

Kidlington, England : Megan Ball,

Erscheinungsjahr

[2024]

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Front Cover -- Microgrid Methodologies and Emergent Applications -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- List of acronyms -- I. Methodologies -- 1 Overview of microgrid -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview of the key characteristics of microgrid -- 1.2.1 Operating characteristics -- 1.2.2 Structural characteristics -- 1.2.2.1 AC microgrid -- 1.2.2.2 DC microgrid -- 1.2.2.3 AC/DC hybrid microgrid -- 1.2.3 Scale and voltage level -- 1.3 Global development of microgrids -- 1.3.1 US -- 1.3.2 EU -- 1.3.3 Japan -- 1.3.4 China -- 1.4 Typical pilot projects of microgrids -- 1.4.1 Santa Rita Jail microgrid in the United States -- 1.4.1.1 Plug-and-play -- 1.4.1.2 Seamless switching -- 1.4.2 Sendai microgrid project in Japan -- 1.4.2.1 Multilevel power quality service -- 1.4.2.2 Integrated power supply system -- 1.4.3 "Net-Zero Energy Houses" microgrid in Canada -- 1.4.3.1 Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal system -- 1.4.3.2 Two stage geothermal heat pump -- 1.4.3.3 Social and economic benefits -- 1.4.4 Daxing Airport microgrid in China -- 1.5 Organization of the book -- References -- 2 Modeling -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Modeling of microgrid -- 2.2.1 PV system -- 2.2.2 Wind energy conversion systems -- 2.2.2.1 Fixed-speed wind energy conversion systems -- 2.2.2.1.1 Aerodynamic system -- 2.2.2.1.2 Pitch control module -- 2.2.2.1.3 Shafting module -- 2.2.2.2 Variable-speed wind energy conversion systems -- 2.2.2.2.1 Permanent magnet synchronous generator model -- 2.2.2.2.2 Machine side converter controller model -- 2.2.2.2.3 Grid side converter controller model -- 2.2.2.2.4 Pitch control module -- 2.2.3 Combined heat and power -- 2.2.4 Fuel cells -- 2.2.5 Battery energy storage system -- 2.2.6 Ground source heat pump -- 2.2.7 Ice storage system.
• 2.2.8 Conventional water-cooled chiller system -- 2.3 Summary -- References -- 3 Planning and design of microgrids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Theories and methods of microgrid planning and design -- 3.2.1 Procedures of microgrid planning and design -- 3.2.1.1 Data collection and analysis -- 3.2.1.2 Microgrid planning and design modeling -- 3.2.1.3 Evaluation and sensitivity analysis -- 3.2.2 Problem formulation -- 3.3 Tools of microgrid planning and design -- 3.4 Case study -- 3.5 Summary -- Reference -- 4 Control and protection of microgrids -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Control strategies of microgrids -- 4.2.1 Control strategies of microgrids with traditional diesel generators -- 4.2.1.1 Control of diesel generators -- 4.2.1.2 Control of ESSs -- 4.2.1.2.1 Grid-following control -- 4.2.1.2.2 Grid-forming control -- 4.2.2 Basic control strategy of microgrids with new energy resources and storage -- 4.2.2.1 Master-slave control -- 4.2.2.2 Peer-to-peer droop control -- 4.3 Operation modes switching control -- 4.3.1 Transition from grid-connected mode to islanded mode -- 4.3.1.1 Active transition from grid-connected mode to islanded mode -- 4.3.1.2 Passive transition from grid-connected mode to islanded mode -- 4.3.2 Transition from islanded mode to grid-connected mode -- 4.4 Fault characteristics of microgrids -- 4.4.1 The condition UPCC%3eUth -- 4.4.1.1 T0-T1 -- 4.4.1.2 T1-T2 -- 4.4.1.3 T2-T3 -- 4.4.2 The condition UPCC%3cUth -- 4.4.2.1 T0-T1 -- 4.4.2.2 T1-T2 -- 4.4.2.3 T2-T3 -- 4.4.3 Influence of current-limiting link -- 4.5 Microgrid protection technologies -- 4.5.1 Protection at PCC -- 4.5.1.1 PCC protection in grid-connected mode -- 4.5.1.1.1 Reverse power protection -- 4.5.1.1.2 Overcurrent protection -- 4.5.1.1.3 Overvoltage/undervoltage protection -- 4.5.1.1.4 Over/under frequency protection -- 4.5.1.2 PCC protection in islanded mode.
• 4.5.2 Microgrid line protection -- 4.5.2.1 Adaptive protection -- 4.5.2.2 Differential protection -- 4.5.2.3 Voltage protection -- 4.5.2.4 Sequence component protection -- 4.5.2.5 Fault location protection -- 4.5.3 Case studies -- 4.5.3.1 Calculation of feeder protection setting without considering microgrid -- 4.5.3.2 Influence of microgrids access under downstream fault condition -- 4.5.3.2.1 Influence on downstream protection -- 4.5.3.2.2 Influence on upstream protection -- 4.5.3.3 Influence of microgrids access under upstream fault condition -- 4.6 Islanding detection technologies -- 4.6.1 Basic concepts of islanding detection -- 4.6.2 Passive islanding detection -- 4.6.2.1 Basic concepts of passive islanding detection -- 4.6.2.1.1 Over/under voltage, over/under frequency detection -- 4.6.2.1.2 Harmonics detection -- 4.6.2.1.3 Phase jump detection -- 4.6.2.1.4 Change rate of key power detection -- 4.6.2.2 A classical passive islanding detection method -- 4.6.3 Active islanding detection -- 4.6.3.1 Basic concepts of active islanding detection -- 4.6.3.1.1 Active current disturbance -- 4.6.3.1.2 Active frequency drifting -- 4.6.3.1.3 Slide mode frequency shifting -- 4.6.3.1.4 Automatic phase shift -- 4.6.3.2 A classical active islanding detection method -- 4.6.3.2.1 Reactive power disturbance injection -- 4.6.3.2.2 Active islanding detection method based on reactive power disturbance injection -- 4.6.4 Case studies -- 4.6.4.1 Performance of passive detection methods during power imbalance -- 4.6.4.2 Performance of passive detection methods during power balance -- 4.6.4.3 Performance of active detection methods during power balance -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Microgrid operation optimization -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Forecasting module -- 5.1.2 Decision-making module -- 5.1.3 Human-machine interfaces.
• 5.1.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition -- 5.2 Optimization modeling of microgrid -- 5.2.1 Deterministic optimization -- 5.2.1.1 Objective function -- 5.2.1.2 Constraints -- 5.2.2 Stochastic optimization -- 5.2.2.1 Scenario generation -- 5.2.2.2 Scenario reduction -- 5.2.3 Robust optimization -- 5.2.3.1 Box uncertainty set -- 5.2.3.2 Ellipsoidal uncertainty set -- 5.2.3.3 Polyhedral uncertainty set -- 5.3 Coordinated optimization of multi-microgrid system -- 5.3.1 Underlying physical topology of multi-microgrid system -- 5.3.2 Coordinated optimization technologies for multi-microgrid -- 5.4 Case studies -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- 6 Energy trading and markets in microgrids -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Who trades energy? -- 6.1.2 What forms of energy are traded? -- 6.1.3 What are needed to enable microgrid energy trading? -- 6.1.4 What do people care about microgrid energy trading? -- 6.2 Temporal scales of microgrid energy trading -- 6.2.1 Long/medium-term energy trading -- 6.2.2 Short-term energy trading -- 6.2.3 Postdelivery arrangements -- 6.3 Spatial scales of microgrid energy trading -- 6.4 Infrastructure for microgrid energy trading -- 6.4.1 Energy infrastructure -- 6.4.2 Digital infrastructure -- 6.5 Commercial and regulatory arrangements -- 6.6 Case studies -- 6.6.1 Day-ahead peer-to-peer energy trading via continuous double auction -- 6.6.2 A settlement mechanism for energy trading in microgrids -- 6.6.3 Hierarchical peer-to-peer energy trading for microgrids in distribution networks -- 6.7 Summary -- References -- II. Applications -- 7 Islanded microgrids -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Key parameters/system settings -- 7.2.1 System structure and configuration -- 7.2.2 Energy management strategy -- 7.2.2.1 Energy storage system grid-following strategy -- 7.2.2.2 Energy storage system grid-forming strategy -- 7.3 Data analysis.
• 7.4 Summary -- 8 AC/DC hybrid microgrids -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Key parameters/system settings -- 8.2.1 System structure and configuration -- 8.2.2 Energy management strategy -- 8.3 Data analysis -- 8.4 Summary -- 9 Multi-vector energy microgrids -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Fuel arbitrage/shifting -- 9.1.2 Use of on-site energy storage -- 9.1.3 Demand shifting/flexibility -- 9.2 Key parameters/system settings -- 9.3 Data analysis -- 9.3.1 Electricity demand and supply -- 9.3.2 Average daily electricity demand profile by hour -- 9.3.3 Variations of the daily heat demand -- 9.3.4 Relation between electricity and heat -- 9.4 Evaluations -- 9.5 Summary -- References -- 10 DC microgrids for electric vehicle wireless charging -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Planning of DC microgrid -- 10.2.1 Capacity planning -- 10.2.2 Topology and voltage level design -- 10.3 Control system of DC microgrid -- 10.3.1 Power flow management -- 10.3.2 Local controllers -- 10.3.2.1 PV generation control -- 10.3.2.2 WT generation control -- 10.3.2.3 DC bus voltage control -- 10.3.2.4 Uninterruptible power supply -- 10.3.2.5 Wireless charging machine -- 10.4 DC bus voltage controller design and analysis -- 10.5 SCADA, protection, and EMS -- 10.5.1 Hardware structure of DC microgrid SCADA -- 10.5.2 Protection -- 10.5.3 Black start -- 10.5.4 EMS -- 10.5.5 Software structure of DC microgrid SCADA -- 10.6 DC microgrid demonstration -- 10.7 Summary -- References -- 11 Technical and economical evaluation of Smart Integrated Energy Microgrid -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 System design -- 11.2.1 Energy bus -- 11.2.2 Planning tool for Smart Integrated Energy Microgrid -- 11.2.3 Coordinated operation of Smart Integrated Energy Microgrid -- 11.3 System evaluation -- 11.3.1 Cost-benefit evaluation -- 11.3.1.1 Construction investment.
• 11.3.1.2 The benefit of control and energy management platform.
• Microgrid Methodologies and Applications provides step-by-guide guidance on the implementation of microgrids projects that is informed by current scientific principles, emergent technologies such as modern power electronic interfaces, energy storage systems, multi-vector energy systems, and a close study of recent case studies. Addressing the full end-to-end microgrid project lifecycle, the work encompasses planning, design, operation, control, trading and evaluation, with a significant focus on novel business model, regulation and policy considerations. The book explains to readers how they can operationalize robust microgrids which account for engineering reality, uncertainties, and operating constraints.
• Description based on print version record.