Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Bouquillon, Anne
• Lehuédé, Patrice

Titel

Lead in Glassy Materials in Cultural Heritage

Auflage

1st ed

Ort / Verlag

Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,

Erscheinungsjahr

2024

Link zum Volltext

• Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword by Isabelle Pallot-Frossard -- Foreword by Daniel R. Neuville -- Introduction -- Part 1. Overview and Specific Techniques for the Analysis of Lead Glasses and Glaze -- Chapter 1. Overview -- 1.1. Advantages brought by lead -- 1.1.1. Lead oxide as fluxing agent -- 1.1.2. Influence of lead oxide on viscosity -- 1.1.3. Influence of lead oxide on the expansion coefficient -- 1.1.4. Influence of lead oxide on surface energy -- 1.1.5. Influence of lead oxide on the color -- 1.1.6. Influence of lead oxide on devitrification -- 1.1.7. Influence of lead oxide on glass redox -- 1.1.8. Influence of lead oxide on glass durability -- 1.1.9. Influence of lead oxide on glass density -- 1.1.10. Influence of lead oxide on optical properties -- 1.1.11. Influence of lead oxide on the mechanical properties -- 1.1.12. Influence of lead content on the absorption of ionizing radiation -- 1.1.13. Miscellanea -- 1.2. Difficulties related to the use of lead oxide -- 1.2.1. Elaboration difficulties -- 1.2.2. Public health problems -- 1.3. Conclusion -- 1.4. References -- Chapter 2. Lead Isotopes for the Study of Ancient Glass -- 2.1. Lead isotope chemistry -- 2.2. The use of lead isotopes in archaeology -- 2.3. Lead isotopic analysis of glassy material -- 2.3.1. Sample introduction -- 2.3.2. Ion detection MC-ICP-MS -- 2.3.3. Data reduction and mass bias correction -- 2.3.4. Interpretation of results -- 2.4. O, Sr, Nd and B isotopes for studying archaeological glass -- 2.4.1. Sources of different elements in glass -- 2.4.2. Sr isotopes in glass -- 2.4.3. Nd isotopes in glass -- 2.4.4. B isotopes in glass -- 2.4.5. O isotopes in glass -- 2.5. Conclusion and future perspectives -- 2.6. Acknowledgments -- 2.7. References -- Part 2. Structure of Lead Glasses: Influence on their Properties, Including Color.
• Chapter 3. Structure and Properties of Lead Silicate Glasses -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Lead and lead oxides -- 3.2.1. Elementary lead and its specific properties -- 3.2.2. Lead stereochemistry in oxides -- 3.3. Crystal phases and glasses of the SiO2-PbO system -- 3.3.1. The binary SiO2-PbO system at equilibrium -- 3.3.2. Crystal phases of the binary SiO2-PbO system -- 3.3.3. Glasses of the binary SiO2-PbO system -- 3.4. Glasses of the SiO2-PbO-R2O system (R = Na, K) -- 3.4.1. Overview of ternary SiO2-PbO-R2O glasses -- 3.4.2. Structure of ternary SiO2-PbO-R2O glasses -- 3.5. Glasses of the SiO2-PbO-Al2O3 system -- 3.5.1. Overview of ternary SiO2-PbO-Al2O3 glasses -- 3.5.2. Structure of ternary SiO2-Al2O3-PbO glasses -- 3.6. Conclusion -- 3.7. References -- Chapter 4. Optical Properties and Coloration of Lead Silicate Glasses -- 4.1. Physical bases of optical properties and the origins of glass color -- 4.1.1. Complex refractive index and the main optical properties -- 4.1.2. Coloring species in glasses -- 4.2. Optical properties and color of transparent SiO2-PbO-M2O glasses -- 4.2.1. Electronic structure and color of lead oxides PbO -- 4.2.2. Electronic structure, optical properties and color of SiO2-PbO (-M2O) glasses -- 4.3. SiO2-PbO-M2O glasses colored by transition ions -- 4.3.1. Optical absorption spectroscopy and origin of color changes -- 4.3.2. Variation of the local environment of Cu2+ ions depending on the type of glass -- 4.4. References -- Part 3. History and Evolution of Lead Glasses -- Chapter 5. Lead in the Recipes of the Middle Ages and Renaissance -- 5.1. The first written sources mentioning the use of lead -- 5.2. Recipes of translucent and opaque lead glasses from the Middle Ages and Renaissance -- 5.2.1. Middle Ages -- 5.2.2. Italian Renaissance -- 5.3. Conclusion -- 5.4. References -- Chapter 6. The First Lead Glasses.
• 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Glasses of the Eastern Mediterranean from the second and first millennia BC -- 6.2.1. Yellow and green glasses -- 6.2.2. Red glasses -- 6.2.3. Hellenistic glasses containing antimony -- 6.2.4. Tin oxide-opacified glasses -- 6.3. Lead glasses in Asia starting with the second half of the first millennium BC -- 6.3.1. Lead-barium (Pb-Ba) glasses -- 6.3.2. Lead glasses in the strict sense (Pb-Si) -- 6.3.3. Lead-potash glasses (Pb-K) -- 6.4. Medieval lead glasses in Western Europe -- 6.4.1. The Merovingian period (end of fifth century-first third of eighth century) -- 6.4.2. From the Carolingian period (middle of the eighth century to the 10th century) to the beginning of the modern period -- 6.5. European lead glasses, from the beginning of the modern period until the invention of crystal glass -- 6.6. Conclusion -- 6.7. References -- Chapter 7. Lead in Glasses: Recent Times -- 7.1. The adventure of lead crystal glass -- 7.1.1. The creation of crystal glass -- 7.1.2. The development of lead crystal glass -- 7.2. New colorants of lead glass -- 7.2.1. Chromium -- 7.2.2. Nickel -- 7.2.3. Uranium -- 7.2.4. Selenium -- 7.2.5. Rare earths -- 7.2.6. Coloration by colloidal particles -- 7.3. The new opacifiers -- 7.4. The new processes of crystal glass decoration -- 7.4.1. Engraving -- 7.4.2. Iridescence -- 7.5. New glassmaking techniques -- 7.5.1. Strass -- 7.5.2. Flashed glass -- 7.5.3. Millefiori glass -- 7.5.4. Pate de verre -- 7.5.5. Lampworking glass, glass fibers -- 7.6. Conclusion -- 7.7. References -- Chapter 8. Early Islamic Lead Glass -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Islamic lead silica glass (m.n.) from the Near East -- 8.2.1. Geographical and chronological patterns -- 8.2.2. Potential lead sources -- 8.2.3. The ambiguity of the term m.n. -- 8.3. Lead slag glass from -- 8.4. Soda ash lead glass from al-Andalus.
• 8.5. Concluding remarks -- 8.6. References -- Chapter 9. Lead in the Enamels of the Middle Ages and Renaissance -- 9.1. Limoges champlevé enamels on copper from the Middle Ages -- 9.1.1. Enameling techniques -- 9.1.2. Composition of enamels and lead content -- 9.1.3. Recipes employed for type 2 enamels -- 9.2. The so-called Venetian enameled coppers of the Italian Renaissance -- 9.2.1. Manufacturing techniques -- 9.2.2. Chemical composition of the base glass used for these enamels -- 9.2.3. Lead glasses -- 9.2.4. Lead origin: manufacturing a lead-tin calx powder -- 9.3. References -- Part 4. History, Implementation and Evolution of Lead Glazes -- Chapter 10. History of Lead in Ancient Ceramic Materials -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Properties and implementation of lead glazes -- 10.3. The first lead glazes -- 10.3.1. In China -- 10.3.2. In Asia Minor and in the Roman world -- 10.3.3. Reasons for an emergence -- 10.4. Dissemination and evolution of the lead glazing technique in the high Antiquity -- 10.4.1. In the Near-Eastern and Western world -- 10.4.2. In China -- 10.5. Hybridization of lead glazes with other ceramic traditions -- 10.6. The importance of lead-rich glassy materials in the race for porcelain -- 10.7. Innovations brought by Islamic potters of eighth to ninth century: the place of lead glassy materials -- 10.7.1. Addition of milled lead glass in the paste or in the slip -- 10.7.2. Tin-opacified alkali-lead glazes: emergence of faïences -- 10.8. Soft-paste porcelains: lead glaze on translucent paste -- 10.9. Lead-rich vitrified paints -- 10.10. Conclusion -- 10.11. References -- Chapter 11. Paste-Glaze Interaction -- 11.1. Context -- 11.2. Paste-glaze interface -- 11.3. Factors affecting the paste-glaze interface -- 11.3.1. Composition of the body (Ca-rich clays or siliceous ones) and its state (raw or fired).
• 11.3.2. Composition of the glaze mixture -- 11.3.3. Viscosity and solubility of the body and glaze components -- 11.3.4. Thermal history of the ceramic body-glaze system -- 11.4. Cross-diffusion of chemical elements -- 11.5. Morphology of the interface -- 11.6. Identification of crystalline phases at the interface -- 11.6.1. Lead feldspar -- 11.6.2. Wollastonite (CaSiO3), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), Ca-Mg pyroxenes -- 11.6.3. Phases rich in Na -- 11.6.4. Mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2) -- 11.6.5. Phases rich in colorant or opacifier -- 11.7. Interface as an indicator of elaboration processes -- 11.7.1. Simple or double firing, raw or fired substrate -- 11.7.2. Application of PbO or PbO + SiO2 mixtures -- 11.7.3. Firing protocol -- 11.7.4. Al2O3 origin: glaze mixture or paste? -- 11.8. Influence of interface on the physical properties -- 11.8.1. Thermal expansion -- 11.8.2. Adherence defects -- 11.8.3. Mechanical resistance -- 11.8.4. Color -- 11.9. Conclusion -- 11.10. References -- Chapter 12. Weathering of Ancient Lead Glazes -- 12.1. Slightly weathered glazes -- 12.2. Weak iridescences and pinholes -- 12.3. Advanced weathering in the context of burial -- 12.4. Protection of lead-glazed weathered objects by sol-gel methods -- 12.5. Conclusion -- 12.6. References -- Part 5. Weathering of Lead Glasses and Standards -- Chapter 13. Lead Leaching in Industrial Crystal Glasses: Role of Chemical Composition, Structure and Surface Treatments -- 13.1. Influence of lead content on crystal glass structure -- 13.2. Leaching mechanisms of lead glasses -- 13.2.1. Low reaction progress experiments -- 13.2.2. High reaction progress experiments -- 13.2.3. Structure of the alteration layer -- 13.3. Industrial surface treatments limiting lead release by crystal glass -- 13.3.1. Acid polishing -- 13.3.2. Incorporation of a surface glass during forming.
• 13.3.3. Sol-gel deposition of a glassy layer.
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