Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Luukkonen, Tero,

Titel

Alkali-activated materials in environmental technology applications

Ort / Verlag

Cambridge, Massachusetts ; : Woodhead Publishing,

Erscheinungsjahr

[2022]

Link zum Volltext

• Elsevier Books AutoHoldings

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Front Cover -- Alkali-Activated Materials in Environmental Technology Applications -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1 Alkali-activated materials in environmental technology: introduction -- 1.1 Scope of this book -- 1.2 Definition of the key terminology -- 1.3 The origins of alkali-activated materials -- 1.4 Beyond construction materials -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- 2 Chemistry and materials science of alkali-activated materials -- 2.1 Fundamental chemistry -- 2.1.1 Reactivity in alkaline media -- 2.1.2 Low CaO-content aluminosilicate sources -- 2.1.3 High CaO-content aluminosilicate sources -- 2.1.4 Moderate CaO-content aluminosilicate sources -- 2.2 Structural models -- 2.2.1 Structural models for C-S-H gel -- 2.2.2 Structural models for N-A-S-H gel -- 2.3 Concluding remarks -- References -- 3 Geopolymeric nanomaterials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Primer of geopolymer chemistry for syntheses of geopolymeric nanomaterials -- 3.2.1 Geopolymerization reaction -- 3.2.2 Geopolymerization as "top-down" synthetic process -- 3.2.3 Geopolymer-an innately "nanostructured" material -- 3.3 Examples of geopolymer nanomaterial synthesis and applications -- 3.3.1 Synthesis and applications of nanoporous geopolymer with meso- and macropores -- 3.3.1.1 Synthesis -- 3.3.1.2 Arsenic removal from ground water -- 3.3.1.3 Catalysts for biodiesel production -- 3.3.2 Exploration of geopolymer chemistry for small particle production and applications -- 3.3.2.1 Synthesis -- 3.3.2.2 Antimicrobial application -- 3.3.2.3 Bacterial toxin removal in therapeutic application -- 3.3.2.4 Energy-saving multifunctional hybrid additives in asphalt -- 3.4 Concluding remarks -- References -- 1 Fabrication of alkali-activated materials for environmental applications -- 4 Highly porous alkali-activated materials -- 4.1 Introduction.
• 4.2 Material porosity -- 4.3 Effect of composition and synthesis conditions -- 4.3.1 In situ zeolite formation -- 4.4 Micro- and mesoporous filler addition -- 4.5 Process induced porosity -- 4.6 Direct foaming -- 4.7 Templating agents -- 4.8 Additive manufacturing -- 4.9 Summary and conclusions -- References -- 5 Granulation techniques of geopolymers and alkali-activated materials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Granulation techniques -- 5.2.1 Wet granulation -- 5.2.2 Fluidized bed granulation -- 5.3 Granulation of alkaline-activated materials -- 5.3.1 High shear granulation and heat formation -- 5.3.2 Suspension dispersion solidification method and foaming -- 5.4 Properties of granules -- 5.5 Utilization of geopolymer granules -- 5.5.1 As adsorbents in wastewater treatment -- 5.6 Other applications -- 5.7 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Surface chemistry of alkali-activated materials and how to modify it -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surface characteristics and properties of alkali-activated materials -- 6.2.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- 6.2.2 Infrared spectroscopy -- 6.2.3 Raman spectroscopy -- 6.2.4 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy -- 6.2.5 Surface charge properties -- 6.2.6 Specific surface area and nanometer-scale porosity -- 6.2.7 Other analytical techniques -- 6.3 Modification methods of alkali-activated materials -- 6.3.1 Surface modification with organosilicon compounds -- 6.3.2 Surface esterification -- 6.3.3 Acid or base treatment -- 6.3.4 Ion exchange -- 6.3.5 Composite materials -- 6.3.6 Conversion into zeolites -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Water and wastewater treatment -- 7 Alkali-activated materials as adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Occurring trends in scientific literature -- 7.3 Different strategies to use alkali-activated materials as adsorbents.
• 7.4 Water pollutants removed by alkali-activated materials -- 7.5 Adsorption of heavy metals by AAMs -- 7.6 Adsorption of dyes by AAMs -- 7.7 Adsorption of other water pollutants by AAMs -- 7.8 Regeneration after sorption -- 7.9 Bridging the gap between bench-scale studies and pilot-scale trials -- 7.10 Performance comparison with benchmark materials -- 7.11 Conclusions and future trends -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Alkali-activated materials as photocatalysts for aqueous pollutant degradation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Alkali-activated materials and geopolymers -- 8.3 Geopolymer-based photocatalysts -- 8.3.1 Supported geopolymer-based heterogeneous photocatalysts -- 8.3.1.1 TiO2-supported geopolymer based photocatalysts -- 8.3.1.2 Photocatalysts based on other catalytically active metal oxides supported on geopolymer substrates -- 8.3.2 Geopolymer composites as photocatalysts -- 8.3.3 Alkali-activated materials as photocatalysts -- 8.4 Concluding remarks -- 8.4.1 Summary of the chapter -- 8.4.2 Shortcomings of the reported literature -- 8.4.3 Prospects for the future development of these photocatalysts -- References -- 9 Alkali-activated membranes and membrane supports -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ceramic materials in membrane technology -- 9.3 Alkali-activated materials as membranes -- 9.3.1 Preparation of alkali-activated membranes -- 9.3.2 Properties and applications of alkali-activated membranes -- 9.4 Conversion of alkali-activated membranes into zeolites -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Alkali-activated materials in passive pH control of wastewater treatment and anaerobic digestion -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Reasons for high pH in the pore solutions of alkali-activated materials -- 10.3 Utilization prospects for alkali-activated materials in pH control -- 10.3.1 Anaerobic digestion -- 10.3.2 Nitrification.
• 10.3.3 Acid mine drainage -- 10.3.4 Preparation of alkali-activated materials for pH control applications -- 10.4 Properties of alkali-activated pH control materials -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Air pollution control -- 11 Alkali-activated materials for catalytic air pollution control -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Geopolymer features -- 11.2 Photocatalysis in air pollution control context -- 11.3 Use of geopolymer structure as adsorbent and incorporation of transition metals -- 11.3.1 Generation of active sites within the structure -- 11.3.2 Dispersion of oxides by ion exchange -- 11.3.3 Deposition and impregnation of other catalytic species -- 11.4 Self-cleaning materials -- 11.4.1 Self-cleaning testing -- 11.5 Summaries on the reported cases studies and practical considerations -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Adsorption of gaseous pollutants by alkali-activated materials -- 12.1 Air emissions -- 12.1.1 CO2 emission and capture -- 12.2 Alkali-activated materials as potential adsorbents -- 12.2.1 Geopolymers as CO2 adsorbents -- 12.2.2 Geopolymer composites for CO2 adsorption -- 12.2.2.1 Geopolymer composites: addition or nucleation of zeolites for CO2 adsorbents at low temperature -- 12.2.2.2 Geopolymer composites: addition of hydrotalcites for CO2 adsorbents at intermediate temperature -- 12.3 Alternative use and activation of fly ashes for the removal of gaseous pollutants -- 12.4 Conclusions and future challenges -- References -- 4 Solid waste management -- 13 Solidification/stabilization of hazardous wastes by alkali activation -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Chemistry of solidification/stabilization of heavy metals in alkali-activated materials -- 13.2.1 Speciation of cationic heavy metals in alkali-activated materials -- 13.2.2 Speciation of oxyanionic heavy metals in alkali-activated materials.
• 13.2.3 Proposed mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization in geopolymer -- 13.2.3.1 Charge balancing of Al tetrahedra -- 13.2.3.2 Precipitation mechanism -- 13.2.3.3 Covalent bonding mechanism -- 13.2.3.4 Physical encapsulation mechanism -- 13.3 Stabilization/solidification of real wastes -- 13.3.1 Municipal waste -- 13.3.1.1 Ashes from municipal solid waste incineration -- 13.3.1.2 Waste from sewage sludge incineration -- 13.3.2 Industrial waste -- 13.3.2.1 Ash from coal and biomass power plants -- 13.3.2.2 Mining tailings and wastes -- Gold mine tailings -- Zinc and copper-zinc mine tailings -- Chromite ore processing residue -- 13.3.2.3 Smelting slags and metallurgical wastes -- Lead/zinc slags -- Antimony, ferrochrome, ferronickel, and lithium slags -- 13.3.2.4 Electroplating sludge -- 13.3.2.5 Tannery sludge -- 13.3.2.6 Red mud -- 13.3.3 Other wastes -- 13.4 Effect of alkaline activator -- 13.5 Effect of Si/Al ratio -- 13.6 Effect of metal dose -- 13.7 Effect of sulfide -- 13.8 Effect of calcium -- 13.9 Effect of aging and kinetics of leaching -- 13.10 pH of leaching solution -- 13.11 Sequential extraction -- 13.12 Comparison with Portland cement -- 13.13 Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- 14 In situ sediment remediation with alkali-activated materials -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Factors affecting pollutant release from the sediment -- 14.3 Remediation of contaminated sediments -- 14.4 Alkali-activated materials: a brief introduction -- 14.5 Alkali-activated materials as active caps or sediment amendment -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Other environmental applications -- 15 Antimicrobial alkali-activated materials -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Some material solutions against bacteria -- 15.3 A state-of-the-art on antimicrobial alkali-activated materials.
• 15.4 A facile manufacturing, efficient formulations, and evaluation for antibacterial alkali-activated materials.
• "Alkali-activated materials, including geopolymers, are being studied at an increasing pace for various high-value applications. The main drivers for this emerging interest include the low-energy, low-cost, and readily up-scalable manufacturing process; the possibility to utilize industrial wastes and by-products as raw materials; and beneficial material properties comparable to conventional materials. It has already been verified that alkali-activated materials are very versatile in environmental technology applications for pollution control. The current research in the field focuses on advanced manufacturing methods, material properties, and applications, for example, additive manufacturing, modification of surface chemistry, CO2 capture, and green catalysis. Alkali-Activated Materials in Environmental Technology Applications discusses what novel possibilities alkali-activated materials provide in comparison to conventional materials (such as high-temperature ceramics, synthetic zeolites, or organic polymers). The specific environmental applications that are covered include water and wastewater treatment, air pollution control, stabilization/solidification of hazardous wastes, and catalysts in chemical processes. In addition, preparation methods, material properties, and the chemistry of alkali-activated materials are revisited from the viewpoint of environmental technology applications. This book also discusses how well alkali-activated materials fit under the concepts of green chemistry and circular economy and how the life cycle analysis of these materials compares to conventional materials."--Provided by pubsher.
• Tero Luukkonen is an assistant professor at the Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland. He received his PhD degree in 2016 in physical chemistry at the Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland. Between 2010 and 2017, he worked in R&D positions at three start-up companies operating in the clean-technology sector. His current tenure-track assistant professor position is related to the development of high-value materials from inorganic side streams. His research interests include materials chemistry and waste treatment and environmental applications of alkali-activated materials in which areas he has authored more than 40 peer-reviewed articles.
• Description based on print version record.