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Illicit Trade in Conflict-Affected Countries of the Middle East and North Africa
Auflage
1st ed
Ort / Verlag
Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development,
Erscheinungsjahr
2022
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- The threat of illicit trade -- Illicit trade in the MENA region -- References -- 2 Yemen -- Background to current conflict -- Illicit trade dynamics during the current conflict -- Background -- Weapons -- Illicit trade in fuel and oil -- Human Trafficking -- Narcotics -- Unregulated Financial Networks, illicit trade and illicit capital flows -- Heritage and antiquities -- Wildlife in Socotra -- Counterfeits -- Existing governance structure -- Resolution 2216/UNVIM -- IRG policy to combat Iranian fuel imports -- IRG and Saudi Led Coalition prohibited items lists: -- Yemeni waters -- Saudi Arabia -- Saudi-led Coalition / UAE -- Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) and Joint Task Force CTF-151 -- Ministry of Transport and Yemen Coast Guard -- Management of Yemeni seaports and hydrocarbon export terminals -- References -- 3 Libya -- Background to current conflict -- Illicit trade in Libya -- Weapons -- Narcotics -- Human trafficking -- Illicit Trade in cultural artefacts -- Quantitative picture - illicit trade in counterfeits in Libya -- 4 Syria -- Background to current conflict -- Illicit trade in Syria -- Weapons -- Narcotics -- Illicit trade in water rights -- Human trafficking -- Illicit trade in cultural artefacts -- Abuse of on-line environment -- Quantitative picture - illicit trade in counterfeits in Syria -- 5 Iraq -- Background to current conflict -- Illicit trade in Iraq -- Weapons -- Narcotics -- Illicit trade in human organs -- Heritage and antiquities -- Quantitative picture - illicit trade in counterfeits in Iraq -- 6 Concluding remarks -- Annex A.
To contribute to the existing pool of evidence on the dynamic interplay between illicit trade and armed conflicts, this report looks at illicit trade flows in four separate conflict-affected countries in the MENA region: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen. For the case of Yemen, the report also presents a deep-dive analysis of illicit trade flows and the relevant governance environment.
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