Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• OECD
• OECD,

Titel

National Urban Policy Review of Colombia

Auflage

1st ed

Ort / Verlag

Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development,

Erscheinungsjahr

2022

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Table of contents -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Executive summary -- Key findings -- Key recommendations -- Assessment and recommendations -- Strong and fast urbanisation in Colombia -- Strengths and challenges in Colombia's urban system -- Cities are the engine of economic growth but productivity is low by international standards -- Air pollution in Colombian cities remains high -- Colombian cities are prone to natural phenomena, man-made disasters and climate change impact -- Critical sectoral policy challenges remain and undermine urban outcomes -- A quantitative and qualitative housing deficit is addressed mainly by social housing production and the promotion of homeownership -- Land use plans are the main instrument to implement urban policy but most of them are outdated and underused -- Despite investments, urban residents face critical mobility challenges -- Urban inequality has decreased and safety has improved but more could be done -- The System of Cities has modernised Colombia's approach to urbanisation -- However, some challenges remain in the System of Cities -- Colombia is developing a new version of its NUP Cities 4.0 -- Key recommendations to unlock the potential of a new NUP for Colombia -- Reinforce the place-based approach to embrace the diversity of urban needs -- Use the new NUP as a tool to deal with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic -- Continue promoting compact cities to make better use of the existing city -- Mainstream climate change and disaster risk management into urban planning -- Link urban and rural policies and continue promoting urban-rural partnerships -- Introduce an evaluation system -- Key recommendations on leveraging urban-related sectoral policies for better-quality urbanisation.
• Adopt a housing and habitat policy geared towards sustainable and inclusive urbanisation -- Modernise land use planning to manage urban development -- Shift the focus from urban mobility to urban accessibility -- Leverage digitalisation for more productive, innovative and inclusive cities -- Harness urban policy to advance equity and social justice -- Strengthening the urban governance framework -- Reinforcing inter-municipal co-ordination mechanisms -- Facilitating metropolitan governance -- Strengthening co-ordination across levels of government -- Leveraging fiscal instruments to reinforce urban finance and investment -- Building the capacity and capability of subnational governments -- 1 Colombia's urbanisation trends and challenges -- Introduction -- Colombia's urbanisation trends -- A highly urbanised and polycentric country -- A young but ageing urban population -- Densification and urban expansion -- Informal settlements -- Economic performance of Colombian cities -- Colombian cities are the main engines of economic growth and hubs of employment -- The informal economy is widespread in Colombian cities -- Productivity in Colombian cities is low and agglomeration economies limited -- Living in Colombian cities -- The quantitative and qualitative housing deficit in cities drive low housing affordability -- While social indicators have improved in urban areas, urban inequality remains an issue -- Colombian cities remain unsafe despite recent improvements -- Congestion, fatalities and pollution are the main mobility challenges in Colombian cities -- While air pollution remains high, Colombian cities fare relatively well in other environmental indicators -- References -- Notes -- Annex 1.A. Methodology to identify FUAs according to Colombia's System of Cities and the EU/OECD -- Definition of Colombian FUAs by Colombia's System of Cities.
• Definition of Colombian FUAs by the EU/OECD -- 2 Toward a renewed national urban policy in Colombia -- Introduction -- Colombia's urban development context -- Acute urban challenges hinder socio-economic progress -- COVID-19 aggravated living conditions in cities -- Cities face high levels of poverty, inequality and insecurity -- Housing construction, connectivity among cities and informality are important factors for the urban economy dynamics -- Poor air quality and adaptation to climate change are key urban priorities -- A comprehensive regulatory framework for urban policy -- Colombia's NUP framework - The System of Cities -- The consolidation of the System of Cities for sustainable development -- The System of Cities has modernised Colombia's approach to urban development -- The System of Cities is largely in line with international practices and trends in NUP -- Environmental and climate change policies largely complement urban policy -- The limitations of the System of Cities -- Opportunities and threats for urban policy in Colombia -- Contextual and institutional factors may help renew Colombia's NUP -- The effectiveness of the NUP may be constrained by external factors and institutional limitations -- Recalibrating the NUP approach to improve urbanisation -- Adopt a more integrated approach to urban policy -- A word of caution on integrated policies -- Use urban policy as a tool for recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic -- Promote a place-based approach to embrace the diversity of urban needs -- Continue promoting compact city policies but avoid a "one-size-fits-all approach" -- Place cities at the core of a strategy for competitiveness, inclusion and reaching net-zero emissions -- Align sectoral policies to build accessible and inclusive cities -- Incorporate measures to adapt to natural phenomena, man-made disasters and climate change impact.
• Consider the rural dimension in the development of urban policy -- Mainstream urban-rural linkages in urban policy -- Colombia is not capitalising on its high urbanisation level due to weak urban-rural linkages -- The national government should continue promoting urban-rural linkages through the national urban and rural policies -- Introduce an implementation and evaluation system for the plans and programmes that form the NUP -- In summary - What elements should be included in a new NUP? -- References -- Notes -- 3 Policies for sustainable cities in Colombia -- Introduction -- Pursuing urban sustainability -- Improving spatial and land use planning -- Strategic planning is underexploited and reduced to a bureaucratic requirement -- POTs are too complex and mostly outdated and underused -- The POT formulation process is costly and prone to political influence -- POTs include a large number of topics that makes them complex to elaborate or update -- Lack of sufficient financial resources hinders the implementation of POTs -- Land use planning must be more flexible and simplified -- POTs should be supported by fiscal incentives to steer land use -- POTs should pursue compact development and be forward-looking -- The metropolitan dimension in land use planning should be reinforced -- Land use planning should prioritise urban regeneration and environmental preservation -- Improving urban accessibility -- Urban mobility plans are not widely adopted and face financial difficulties -- Public transport and urban planning are not always aligned -- COVID-19 imposed constraints on the use of public space and movement -- A new national policy to overcome mobility challenges has been adopted although some limitations remain -- The national urban mobility policy lacks a focus on accessibility and equality.
• Some projects aim to improve mobility through urban planning -- Electric mobility is being promoted -- COVID-19 has given a new impetus to investment in transport infrastructure -- Building accessible cities in Colombia -- Strengthen the implementation of CONPES 3991 -- Improve the quality of urban mobility plans -- Ensure that local development plans, POTs and mobility plans work in a co-ordinated fashion -- Explore the viability of creating metropolitan transport authorities -- Enable urban accessibility through compact cities and public transport -- Use public transport to contribute to cities' transition to a low-carbon economy -- Give active mobility (walking and cycling) the highest priority over any other means of transportation for short-distance trips -- Make urban public transport gender-sensitive -- Boosting inclusive urban economic development -- Although cities are the engine of economic growth, their productivity levels remain low -- Leveraging digitalisation to foster inclusive urban development -- Colombian cities need to ensure affordable Internet services to bridge the digital divide -- A national smart city framework is needed -- A Colombian smart city framework should be based on international experience -- Enhancing cities' innovation capacity -- Promote productivity through a broad-based approach to innovation in cities -- Promoting a strategic approach to innovation -- Fostering productivity through better public investment -- Colombia requires a more strategic and regional approach to investment -- Addressing urban inequality -- Improve the provision and management of public space -- Upgrade informal settlements -- Include urban safety considerations in urban policy -- References -- Notes -- 4 Policies for housing and habitat in Colombian cities -- Introduction -- Housing provision remains a national priority.
• Housing policies have shaped Colombia's urban model.
• This OECD National Urban Policy Review of Colombia provides a comprehensive assessment of the country's national urban policy 'the System of Cities' and of different sectoral policies that affect urban life: transport, housing, land use, and digitalisation. Colombia has entered the 2020s facing five intertwined crises: the COVID-19 pandemic, rising levels of poverty and inequality, a wave of mass international migration, the peace process consolidation, and the climate emergency.
• Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.