Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• African Development Bank,

Titel

African economic outlook 2016 : sustainable cities and structural transformation

Auflage

2016th ed

Ort / Verlag

Paris : OECD Publishing,

Erscheinungsjahr

2016

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Intro -- Foreword -- Editorial -- Acknowledgements -- Executive summary -- Table of contents -- PART I: Africa's perfomance and prospects -- Chapter 1: Africa's macroeconomic prospects -- In brief -- Africa's growth slowed but is expected to strengthen again -- Domestic demand and improved supply conditions support growth against global headwinds -- Growth remains highest in East Africa -- International commodity prices have declined further -- Monetary policy stances diverge as countries face different inflationary and currency pressures -- Fiscal positions and current accounts have deteriorated in many countries -- Will Africa reap a demographic growth dividend from its young population? -- Annex 1.A1. Africa's potential demographic dividend -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: External financial flows and tax revenues for Africa -- In brief -- Africa depends heavily on foreign private and public capital -- Africa faces volatile FDI inflows -- Portfolio equity flows are down, but new bonds remain are resilient -- Bank credit flows slow as repayments grow -- Remittances are a major, stable resource for African development -- Official development assistance remains stable but falls short of official pledges -- Domestic revenues fall as resource revenues tumble -- Sustainable benefit is needed from financial flows and public revenues -- Note -- References -- Chapter 3: Trade policies and regional integration in Africa -- In brief -- Africa looks to turn strong growth into economic transformation -- Regional integration is an aid to income convergence -- Integrated financial markets open a path to accelerated income convergence -- Intra-African investment is rising, driven by increased regional integration -- Increased trade finance can help integration and job creation -- References -- Chapter 4: Human development in Africa -- In brief.
• Human development in Africa has made strong gains, but remains uneven -- Sustainable cities and structural transformation are a priority for human development in Africa -- Sustainable urbanisation must address inequality and exclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5: Political and economic governance in Africa -- In brief -- Key governance challenges in Africa are a growing demand for public services, the threats of terrorism and internal conflicts -- Several African countries are innovating to meet the growing demand for public services -- Improvements in the business environment require time and must complement structural reforms to bear fruit -- Fighting terrorism requires better regional co-ordination and information sharing -- Several African countries have seen their electoral processes become fairer -- Note -- References -- PART II: Sustainable Cities and Structural Transformation -- Chapter 6: The implications of Africa's urbanisation for structural transformation -- In brief -- The links between urbanisation and structural transformation in Africa are complex and varied -- Urbanisation represents challenges for development and the environment -- Policies should focus on productive jobs and public goods for the growing urban population -- Now is the time to prepare for Africa's urban transition -- Annex 6.A1. Methodology for the cluster analysis on urbanisation and structural transformation in African countries -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7: How sustainable cities can contribute to Africa's development -- In brief -- Urbanisation improves the conditions for Africa's economic development -- Urbanisation can help accelerate social development -- Africa's urbanisation can contribute to environmental development -- Annex 7.A1. Methodology for mapping financial flows to African cities -- Notes -- References.
• Chapter 8: National urban strategies for sustainable cities in Africa -- In brief -- New strategies can promote sustainable cities for Africa's structural transformation -- Priorities include land reform, infrastructure and urban networks -- Multi-level governance can promote urban development strategies -- African governments can use various sources to finance national urban strategies -- Note -- References -- PART III :Country notes -- Algeria -- Angola -- Benin -- Botswana -- Burkina Faso -- Burundi -- Cabo Verde -- Cameroon -- Central African Republic -- Chad -- Comoros -- Congo -- Congo, Dem. Rep. -- Côte d'Ivoire -- Djibouti -- Egypt -- Equatorial Guinea -- Eritrea -- Ethiopia -- Gabon -- Gambia -- Ghana -- Guinea -- Guinea-Bissau -- Kenya -- Lesotho -- Liberia -- Libya -- Madagascar -- Malawi -- Mali -- Mauritania -- Mauritius -- Morocco -- Mozambique -- Namibia -- Niger -- Nigeria -- Rwanda -- Sao Tome and Principe -- Senegal -- Seychelles -- Sierra Leone -- Somalia -- South Africa -- South Sudan -- Sudan -- Swaziland -- Tanzania -- Togo -- Tunisia -- Uganda -- Zambia -- Zimbabwe -- Statistical annex -- Figures -- Figure 1.1. Africa's economic growth, 2003-17 -- Figure 1.2. Assessment of Africa's economic situation and six-month expectations, 2000 Q1 -2016 Q1 -- Figure 1.3. Contribution to global growth, 1991-2015, by areas (%) -- Figure 1.4. Impact of China's transition to lower and more balanced growth on growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) -- Figure 1.5. Oil prices and terms of trade of Africa's main oil exporters, 2001-17 -- Figure 1.6. Number of available hotel rooms in Africa, 2011-15 -- Figure 1.7. Commodity prices, January 1999-January 2016 -- Figure 1.8. Export prices of agricultural products, January 1999-January 2016 -- Figure 1.9. Import prices of basic foodstuffs, January 1999-January 2016.
• Figure 1.10. Consumer price inflation in Africa, 2003-17 -- Figure 1.11. Current account balance in Africa's oil-exporting and oil-importing countries, 2003-17 -- Figure 1.12. Changes in current account and government budget balances in African countries between 2014 and 2015, in percentage points of GDP -- Figure 1.13. Africa's potential demographic dividend -- Figure 1.A1.1. Potential demographic dividend in Africa by region -- Figure 1.A1.2. Development and prospects of total fertility (children per woman) in Africa -- Figure 1.A1.3. Total fertility rate (TFR) per woman and under -- Figure 2.1. External financial flows to Africa, average 2004-08, 2009-16 current USD billion and % of GDP -- Figure 2.2. Inward FDI by regions 2004-16, USD billion -- Figure 2.3. Foreign direct investment to Africa: Resource-rich vs. non-resource-rich countries, 2000-16 -- Figure 2.4. Total FDI inflows into Africa from emerging economies, 2003-15, USD billion -- Figure 2.5. Africa's inward and outward portfolio flows, 2004-16, USD billion -- Figure 2.6. Change in debt service cost, sub-Saharan Africa, 2015 -- Figure 2.7. Net commercial bank credit flows to Africa, USD billion, 2004-17 -- Figure 2.8. Multilateral and bilateral official bank credit flows to Africa, 2004-17, USD billion -- Figure 2.9. Africa's short-term debt, % of total external debt, 2004-14 -- Figure 2.10. Remittances per African subregion, 2004-15 -- Figure 2.11. Net official development assistance disbursements to Africa, 1997-2016 -- Figure 2.12. Net official development assistance disbursements to African countries by income group, 2004-16 -- Figure 2.13. Net official development assistance disbursements to African countries by region, 2004-16 -- Figure 2.14. China's external assistance expenditures, USD billion -- Figure 2.15. The revenue mix in resource-rich vs. non-resource-rich in Africa.
• Figure 3.1. Africa's total trade flows, trade with selected partners and intra-African trade (USD billion), 2000-14 -- Figure 3.2. Distribution of Africa's trade: Traditional versus emerging partners, 2000-14 -- Figure 3.3. Intra-African trade by regional economic communities (USD million) -- Figure 3.4. Gross domestic product per capita of selected African countries relative to the regional leading economy (USD), 2011 -- Figure 3.5. Economic diversification in selected African regional economic communities -- Figure 3.6. Financial integration in different regional economic communities, 1970-2011 -- Figure 3.7. Financial account openness in Africa's regional economic communities, 1970-2013 -- Figure 4.1. Average annual change in human development, 1990-2014 -- Figure 4.2. Human development dimensions -- Figure 4.3. Change in human development in Africa by category, 1990-2014 -- Figure 4.4. Share of Africa's population by level of human development, 2015 and 2030 -- Figure 4.5. Human development index and components by region of Africa -- Figure 4.6. Overall loss in human development from inequality by region -- Figure 4.7. Inequality in the dimensions of human development by group in Africa -- Figure 4.8. Gender inequality index and components by group in Africa -- Figure 4.9. Gender gaps in social institutions by human development group in Africa -- Figure 5.1. Top priorities for African citizens -- Figure 5.2. Index of public protests in Africa, 1996-2015 -- Figure 5.3. Top drivers of public protests in Africa, 2013-15 -- Figure 5.4. Political hardening and civil violence, 1996-2015 -- Figure 5.5. Violence by non-state actors in Africa, by type, 2013-15 -- Figure 5.6. Government expense per capita vs. government expense as % of GDP, 2014 -- Figure 5.7. Public sector management vs. tax-GDP ratio.
• Figure 5.8. Hiring based on merit and qualifications vs. efficiency in public revenue spending.
• This report presents the continent's current state of affairs and forecasts its situation for the coming two years. It examines Africa's performance in crucial areas: macroeconomics, financing, trade policies and regional integration, human development, and governance.
• Description based on: online resource; title from pdf title page (OECD iLibrary, viewed January 16, 2019).