Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• OECD
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),

Titel

OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy

Ort / Verlag

Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development,

Erscheinungsjahr

2021

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Intro -- Foreword -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Executive summary -- Main characteristics of the Kuwaiti innovation system -- The way forward towards "Smart Kuwait" -- 1 Overall assessment and recommendations -- 1.1. Overview -- 1.1.1. The transition to a knowledge-based society has now become an imperative for Kuwait… -- 1.1.2. …and in spite of historic foundations favourable to science and innovation… -- 1.1.3. …the transition is yet to commence -- 1.2. The 2007 Blue Ribbon report, more than a decade later -- 1.2.1. Implementation of the recommendations of the Blue Ribbon report are below expectations -- 1.3. The role of science, technology and innovation in the Kuwaiti society -- 1.3.1. Science, technology and innovation have yet to become major enablers of "New Kuwait" -- 1.3.2. The current social contract does not provide sufficient incentives for innovation -- 1.4. Governance of the science, technology and innovation system -- 1.4.1. The Kuwaiti science, technology and innovation policy systems -- 1.4.2. Strategic orientation and co-ordination -- The strategic planning capacity at the General Secretariat of the Supreme Council for Planning and Development has improved and efforts to ensure the sustainability of this strengthened capacity are ongoing. -- The effects of national development plans on the extent and directions of STI activities of the different government bodies are unclear -- The concrete status and content of some of the projects falling under New Kuwait and mid-range strategic plans' projects are unclear -- The STI investment and reform initiatives in the New Kuwait Development Plan are too little and planned too late to achieve Kuwait's goal of becoming a knowledge economy by 2035 -- STI-related projects are relatively marginal in recent and current strategic plans, in both number and budget.
• There is no dedicated STI strategy to guide investments and activities of Kuwaiti research and innovation actors -- The monitoring of the strategic plans focuses on the execution of projects and relies on unclear key indicators -- 1.4.3. Science, technology and innovation policy formulation and funding -- In the absence of dedicated STI public authorities, government support to STI activities is bottom-up and led by the research supply side -- The government's investment in STI activities is not consistent with its ambition to develop a diversified knowledge-based economy by 2035 -- There is no direct mechanism for mobilising some of the financial surplus generated from oil extraction towards fostering the knowledge economy -- The necessary increase of the STI budget will require significant reforms of the budgetary framework -- 1.4.4. Science, technology and innovation policy implementation -- State-owned companies do not play a significant role in research and innovation -- The lack of an overall STI policy and the limited STI awareness and capabilities in field ministries do not allow them to effectively contribute to the development of the knowledge economy in Kuwait -- KFAS remains limited by its small scale of operations to fulfil its multiple roles -- 1.5. The higher education and research system -- 1.5.1. Research and higher education institutions' performance -- The basic education system is generally well-funded, but still does not provide enough quality students to higher education, in particular in science and engineering -- Kuwait is losing ground in international and regional competition for excellent research -- 1.5.2. Higher education and research institutions' research capacity -- Higher education institutions' research capacity remains insufficient to contribute to Kuwait's transition towards a knowledge economy.
• KISR is still far from achieving its objective of becoming the "region's most highly respected STI and knowledge gateway" and an "international centre of excellence" by 2030 -- KISR has undertaken significant steps to counter long-established structural weaknesses, but concrete and significant results are still to materialise - and be evaluated -- KFAS centres have improved following comprehensive evaluations, but there is still room to make them more effective and efficient. -- 1.5.3. Research and higher education institutions' funding -- Government funding for research institutions is marginal and unstable -- The mode of allocation of government research funding generates major inefficiencies in research planning and implementation -- The absence of a proper research agency for allocating competitively research funding impede improvement in quantity and quality of research -- 1.5.4. Research and higher education institutions' governance -- KU's governance arrangements are not conducive to setting priorities or to making difficult choices -- KISR has a well-established five-year strategic plan, but its governance and strategic orientation process could be improved -- Bureaucracy and rigidities are significant obstacles to doing research and innovation efficiently -- 1.6. Business innovation -- 1.6.1. Framework conditions for innovation -- Kuwait provides a stable macroeconomic environment, but lags behind on many policy dimensions critical to doing business -- Education and skills gaps are a serious challenge to businesses -- Kuwait's labour market does not provide appropriate incentives for entrepreneurship -- Overall, Kuwaiti businesses are quite innovative, but R&amp -- D intensity remains low -- Co-operation and business-academia linkages are very low -- 1.6.2. Financial support instruments for innovation, both direct and indirect.
• There is very little direct or indirect financial support for innovation and R&amp -- D -- 1.6.3. Intellectual property rights -- Kuwait has adopted some of the main international frameworks for intellectual property rights… -- …but needs to do more to protect intellectual property in the digital age as well as trade secrets -- With local patenting options being unstable, inventors prefer USPTO patents -- A patent pipeline has been initiated, but the market value of these patents is questionable -- 1.6.4. Support to technology diffusion through start-ups, science-industry co-operation and place-based policies -- A start-up ecosystem is emerging, but critical mass is yet to be achieved -- Efforts at technology transfer have had limited success in Kuwait -- Clusters -- 1.6.5. New industrial policy and mission-oriented policy -- Industrial policy and mission-oriented policy do not seem to be available -- 1.6.6. Demand-side policy and grand challenges -- Demand-side policy and grand challenges do not seem to be a priority -- 1.7. Recommendations -- References -- Notes -- 2 Macroeconomic and framework conditions and innovation performance in Kuwait -- 2.1. Macroeconomic environment -- 2.1.1. An exceptional resource endowment drives the economy, but bears long-term risks -- 2.1.2. The diversification challenge -- 2.1.3. Kuwait's labour market and the social contract -- 2.2. Framework conditions in Kuwait -- 2.2.1. The role of framework conditions -- 2.2.2. Room for improvement for innovation framework conditions in Kuwait -- 2.3. Innovation performance -- 2.3.1. Innovation inputs -- R&amp -- D expenditure and intensity -- Education and training -- R&amp -- D personnel -- 2.3.2. Innovation outputs -- Outcomes from public research -- Patents and intellectual property rights -- High R&amp -- D-intensive exports -- 2.4. Conclusion -- References -- Notes.
• 3 Science, Technology and Innovation Governance -- 3.1. Main characteristics of effective science, technology and innovation governance structures -- 3.2. General overview of the Kuwaiti political and innovation policy systems -- 3.2.1. Kuwait's political system -- 3.2.2. The Kuwaiti system of innovation -- 3.3. Strategic orientation and overall co-ordination of science, technology and innovation -- 3.3.1. The main organisations providing STI strategic directions -- Centre-of-government institutions -- High-level strategic and advisory bodies -- National planning authorities -- 3.3.2. The main strategic frameworks guiding STI activities -- Kuwait's long-term vision -- The New Kuwait Plan -- The five-year national development plans -- Kuwait's national development plans and the knowledge economy -- STI strategy -- 3.3.3. STI strategic policy intelligence -- 3.4. Science, technology and innovation policy formulation and funding -- 3.4.1. Policy formulation -- 3.4.2. STI policy funding -- 3.5. Science, technology and innovation policy implementation -- 3.5.1. The implementation of Kuwait's national development plans -- 3.5.2. The role of STI agencies -- 3.5.3. The role of KFAS in supporting research and innovation -- References -- Notes -- 4 Higher education and research in Kuwait -- 4.1. Main characteristics of an efficient higher education and research system -- 4.1.1. Governance and strategy of higher education and research institutions -- Research and higher education institutions' missions -- Institutional autonomy -- 4.1.2. Funding of higher education and research institutions -- 4.1.3. Human resources -- 4.2. Higher education institutions -- 4.2.1. Kuwait University -- Kuwait University's overall performance -- KU's research performance -- Governance -- Strategy -- Funding -- Human resources -- Research activities -- Higher education activities.
• 4.2.2. The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET).
• The slowdown in market demand for oil is putting increasing pressure on Kuwait's current economic and social model. This model is based on the distribution of petroleum export proceeds to Kuwaiti citizens, with relatively limited long-term investment in knowledge production and the upgrading of the national innovation capacity.
• Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.