Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Jahnke, J. A

Titel

Continuous emission monitoring

Auflage

Third edition

Ort / Verlag

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley,

Erscheinungsjahr

[2022]

Link zum Volltext

• Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Books

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Includes index.
• COVER -- TITLE PAGE -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CEM SYSTEMS -- A BRIEF HISTORY -- TYPES OF MONITORING SYSTEMS -- Extractive Systems -- In-Situ Systems -- Remote Sensors -- Parameter Monitoring Systems -- Analytical Techniques Used in CEM System Instrumentation -- Data Acquisition and Handling Systems -- THE ROLE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE -- APPLICATION -- SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 2 CEM REGULATIONS -- IMPLEMENTING RULES IN THE UNITED STATES -- U.S. Federal Implementing Rules -- State Programs and Federal Programs Administered by the States -- 40 CFR Part 62 - Federal Requirements for Existing Units Not Covered by a State Plan -- 40 CFR Part 70 - Title V Operating Permits -- PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS -- QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS -- Part 60 Quality Assurance Procedures -- Other U.S. QA Procedures -- The Role of Calibration Gases -- INTERNATIONAL RULES -- Canada -- Europe -- Asia -- Latin America* -- Developing a National Continuous Emission Monitoring Program -- ENFORCEMENT POLICIES AND CEM SYSTEMS -- Compliance Indicating Systems - Using CEM Systems for Reporting Excess Emissions -- Enforcement Levels -- Level 2 -- Compliance Monitoring Systems - Using CEM Systems for Direct Compliance -- Compliance Assurance Monitoring and the Credible Evidence Rule -- Periodic Monitoring -- Epilogue -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM DESIGN -- SOURCE-LEVEL EXTRACTIVE SYSTEMS -- Hot/Wet Systems -- Cool/Dry Systems with Conditioning -- Sample Probes -- Umbilical Line -- Calibration Gas System and Cylinder Gas Pressure Regulators -- Moisture Removal Methods -- Sample Pumps -- Fine Filters -- Assembling a Cool/Dry Extractive System -- CLOSE-COUPLED SYSTEMS -- DILUTION EXTRACTIVE SYSTEMS -- Dilution Probes -- Dilution Air Cleanup Systems -- External Dilution Systems (Probes).
• Enhancing the Operation of Dilution Systems -- Dilution Extractive Systems: Wet or Dry Measurement? -- SAMPLING INTERFACE/MONITOR CALIBRATION -- EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES -- MINI-SYSTEMS -- MODULAR SAMPLING SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO THE ANALYTICAL METHODS -- THE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT -- The Wave Nature of Light -- Absorption of Light by Molecules -- The Beer-Lambert Law -- LIGHT SCATTERING BY PARTICLES -- Rayleigh Scattering: r/λ ≤ 1 -- Mie Scattering: r/λ = 1 -- Geometric Optics: r/λ ≥ 1 -- Opacity and Transmittance -- Bouguer's Law -- COMPONENTS OF A SPECTROMETER: BUILDING AN INSTRUMENT -- Radiation Sources -- Wavelength Selection -- Detectors -- Multipath Gas Cells -- Optical Components -- Constructing a Spectrophotometer -- CHAPTER 5 EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM ANALYZERS -- SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS - INFRARED MONITORING INSTRUMENTS -- Nondispersive Infrared Analyzers -- Laser-Based Analyzers -- Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy -- SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS - ULTRAVIOLET MONITORING INSTRUMENTS -- Nondispersive Ultraviolet Photometers -- SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS - LUMINESCENCE -- Fluorescence Analyzers for SO2 Measurement -- Chemiluminescence Analyzers for NO and NOx Measurement -- Low NOx Measurements. -- ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS -- Polarographic Analyzers -- Potentiometric Analyzers Using Ion-Selective Electrodes -- Electrocatalytic Analyzers for Measuring Oxygen -- Paramagnetic Techniques for Measuring Oxygen -- Magnetopneumatic Instruments -- Thermal Conductivity Analyzers -- DEVELOPMENTS IN EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM GAS ANALYZERS -- Traditional Approaches -- Developing Approaches -- CHAPTER 6 IN-SITU GAS MONITORING SYSTEMS -- POINT (SHORT-PATH) IN-SITU MONITORS -- Probe Designs -- Point Monitor Analytical Methods -- Electrocatalytic In-situ Method -- Advantages and Limitations of Point In-situ Systems.
• INTEGRATED-PATH MONITORING SYSTEMS -- Single-Pass Systems -- Double-Pass Systems -- Optical Depth -- Stratification Issues -- Integrated-Path Analyzer Calibration Issues -- Integrated-Path Analyzer Analytical Methods -- Advantages and Limitations of Integrated-Path CEM Systems -- Certification Test Criteria for Integrated-Path Monitors -- Quality Assurance for In-situ CEM Systems -- IN-SITU SYSTEMS VS. EXTRACTIVE SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 7 FLOW RATE MONITORS -- REFERENCE METHODS FOR VOLUMETRIC FLOW -- Type-S Pitot Tube (Method 2) -- Three-Dimensional Pitot Tubes (Method 2F) -- Yaw-Nulling (Method 2G) -- Wall-Effect Measurements (Method 2H and CTM-041) -- Vane Anemometers -- Tracer Gas Dilution -- CONTINUOUS FLOW MONITORING METHODS -- Single Type-S Pitot Tube -- Averaging Differential Pressure Probes -- Thermal Mass Flowmeters -- Ultrasonic Flow Monitors -- Time-of-Flight Methods -- OTHER METHODS -- The Stack Venturi -- Physical Models -- Computational Fluid Dynamics -- Determination of Flow Rates from Engineering Calculations -- MONITORING FLOW IN PIPES -- CALIBRATING FLOW MONITORING SYSTEMS -- The "Pre-RATA" and the K Factor -- Problems in Calibrating Against a Reference Method -- PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR FLOW MONITOR CERTIFICATION -- Part 60 Appendix B Performance Specification 6 -- Part 75 Appendix A Specifications. -- Environment Canada Specifications -- EN-ISO 16911 Specifications -- FLOW MONITOR QUALITY ASSURANCE -- Daily Calibration Checks -- Daily Interference Checks -- Quarterly Leak Checks -- Flow-to-Load Ratio Test -- Semiannual/Annual RATA -- CHAPTER 8 OPACITY MONITORS -- BASIC COMPONENTS OF TRANSMISSOMETERS -- DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND MANUFACTURER'S PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR OPACITY MONITORS -- Opacity Monitoring Specific Design Criteria -- Manufacturers' Performance Specification Tests.
• Design Specifications For Low-Level Opacity Monitors -- OPACITY MONITOR INSTRUMENT DESIGN -- Beam Splitter Techniques -- Optical Density/Opacity Calculations -- Stack-Exit Correlation -- Calibration Filter Selection -- Combiner Equations -- Opacity-Mass Correlations -- OPACITY MONITOR PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS -- Installation Requirements -- Field Audit Performance Tests -- Opacity Monitor Quality Assurance -- Quality Assurance Plan -- Daily Zero and Upscale Calibration Drift Test -- Quarterly Audit - Three-Point Calibration Error Test -- Annual Primary Zero Alignment -- Corrective Maintenance and Diagnostic Tests -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 9 CONTINUOUS PARTICULATE MONITORING -- REGULATORY SPECIFICATIONS -- CALIBRATING PARTICULATE MATTER CEMS (PM CEMS) -- Reference Method Tests -- Statistical Analysis Procedures -- Issues Associated with the Correlation Method -- CONTINUOUS PARAMETER MONITORING SYSTEMS (PM CPMS) -- Determining the Operating Limit (Case A) -- Determining the Operating Limit (Case B) -- BAG LEAK DETECTORS (BLD) -- ALTERNATIVE CALIBRATION METHODS -- Generating Reference Samples -- Mass References -- Particle Size Standards -- PARTICULATE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES -- Accumulated Mass Sensors -- Optical Sensors -- Hybrid (Combination) Systems -- Monitoring in Wet Stacks -- Probe Electrification Methods - Triboelectric Devices Applied for Bag Leak Detection -- Choosing a PM System -- PM CEMS QUALITY ASSURANCE - REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTINIUING OPERATION -- The Quality Assurance/Quality Control Manual -- Routine Checks -- Quarterly Audits -- PM Correlation Audits -- DEVELOPMENTS IN PM CEMS -- CHAPTER 10 CEM SYSTEM CONTROL, DATA ACQUISITION, AND REPORTING -- CONTROL SYSTEMS -- Computer Control -- Programmable Logic Controllers -- Data Loggers -- Embedded Microprocessors -- THE DAHS COMPUTER -- CEM System Software Development.
• Data Handling Functions of the DAHS Computer -- Data Reporting -- The U.S. EPA Excess Emission Report -- The U.S. EPA Part 75 Electronic Data Report -- Other U.S. Reporting Programs -- Communication -- DAHS QUALITY ASSURANCE -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 11 CERTIFYING CEM SYSTEMS -- PART 60 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES -- Installation Specifications -- PART 60 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR GAS MONITORING SYSTEMS -- Span -- Calibration Drift Capability -- PART 60 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR GAS MONITORS -- Performance Specification Test (PST) Procedures in the United States and Canada -- The Calibration Drift (Error) Test -- Part 60 Calibration Drift Calculations -- The Linearity (Measurement Error) Test -- The Environment Canada Calibration Drift Test -- Cycle Time/Response Time Test -- Dynamic Spiking Test (Method of Standard Additions) -- The Relative Accuracy Test -- Bias Tests -- Relative Accuracy Procedure as a Percentage of the Emission Limit -- Relative Accuracy as a Percentage of Certified Gas Concentration (Alternative Procedures) -- The Relative Accuracy Test Report -- Causes for Failure of a Relative Accuracy Test -- PART 75 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS -- PART 63.8 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS -- ENVIRONMENT CANADA EPS/1/PG/7 CEM GUIDELINES -- INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO CEM SYSTEM CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL -- International Standards Organization (ISO) Standards for Gas Monitoring Systems -- The European Union EN 14181 Standard for Automated Monitoring Systems -- DEVELOPING CEM CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS -- CHAPTER 12 MONITORING FOR MERCURY -- MERCURY ISSUES -- MERCURY REGULATIONS -- Coal-Fired Electric Generating Units -- Cement Plants -- Municipal Waste Combustors and Incinerators -- Canadian Mercury Regulations -- Mercury Emissions Outside of North America -- MERCURY MONITORING -- Analytical Methods for Mercury Monitoring.
• Continuous Mercury Monitoring Systems.
• "The new edition of the only single-volume reference on both the regulatory and technical aspects of U.S. and international continuous emission monitoring (CEM) systems Continuous Emission Monitoring presents clear, accurate, and up-to-date information on the technical and regulatory issues that affect the design, application, and certification of CEM systems installed in power plants, cement plants, pulp and paper mills, smelters, and other stationary sources. Written by an international expert in the field, this classic reference guide covers U.S. and international CEM regulatory requirements, analytical techniques, operation and maintenance of CEM instrumentation, and more. The fully revised third edition remains the most comprehensive source of CEM information available, featuring three brand-new chapters on mercury monitoring, the reporting and certification of industrial greenhouse gas emissions, and the instrumentation and methods used to measure air toxic compounds including dioxins, furans, and hydrogen chloride. Thoroughly updated chapters discuss topics such as flow rate monitors, new EPA regulations, instrumentation and calibration techniques, CEM system control and data acquisition, and extractive system design. Providing environmental professionals with the knowledge of CEM systems necessary to address the present-day regulatory environment, Continuous Emission Monitoring: Discusses how CEM systems work, their advantages and limitations, and the regulatory requirements governing their operation Covers both the historical framework and technological basis of current CEM regulatory programs and standards in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia Offers practical guidance on sampling system selection, measurement techniques, advanced monitoring approaches, recordkeeping, and quality assurance Provides detailed technical descriptions of the technology necessary for regulatory compliance Includes new orthographic drawings to help instrument technicians and regulators with little technical background to easily understand key topics Continuous Emission Monitoring, Third Edition is an essential resource for professionals responsible for ensuring regulatory compliance, managers and technicians who purchase, operate, and maintain CEM instrumentation, regulatory personnel who write and enforce operating permits, and instructors and students in upper-level environmental engineering programs."--
• Description based on print version record.