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Preface; Contents; Quantum Computing/Quantum Information Processing in View of Electron Magnetic/Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Technique/Spectr...; 1 Introduction; 2 Spin Manipulation Technology for QC/QIP in EPR; 2.1 Pulse-Based Fourier-Transform (FT) EPR/ENDOR Spectroscopy as Enabling Spin Technology; 2.2 Spin Manipulation by Pulsed EPR; 2.3 Two Types of Pulse-Based ENDOR Electron-Spin-Echo Detected ENDOR Spectroscopy; 2.3.1 Generation of a Pseudo Pure State for Electron-Nuclear Spin Qubit Systems by Pulsed ENDOR
2.3.2 Pulse-Based ENDOR Spin Technique Generation and Identification of Quantum Entanglement Between an Electron and One Nucle...2.4 Time-Proportional-Phase-Increment (TPPI) Technique in Pulsed ENDOR; 2.5 Inter-Conversion of Entangled States by Pulsed ENDOR; 2.6 TPPI Detection of the Entanglement Between Electron-Nuclear Hybrid Spin Qubits by Pulsed ENDOR; 3 Designing QC: Two Proposals; 3.1 Using Molecular Magnets; 3.2 Using Endohedral Fullerenes; 4 Concluding Remarks; Appendix 1: Qubits; Appendix 2: Quantum Gates; Appendix 3: DiVincenzoś Five Criteria; Appendix 4: The Bell States
Bell-State MeasurementAppendix 5: Quantum Entanglement; Applications of Quantum Entanglement; References; Exploiting Quantum Effects in Electron-Nuclear Coupled Molecular Spin Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Experimental Requisites; 2.1 DiVincenzoś Criteria; 2.1.1 A Scalable Physical System with Well-Characterized Qubits; 2.1.2 A Universal Set of Quantum Gates; 2.1.3 Ability to Initialize the State of Qubits to a Simple Fiducially State; 2.1.4 A Qubit-Specific Measurement Capability; 2.1.5 Long Relevant Coherence Times; 3 NMR Quantum Information Processing and Quantum Computation
3.1 Scalable and Well-Characterized Physical System of Qubits3.2 Universal Set of Quantum Gates; 3.3 Initialization of the State; 3.3.1 QEC and NMR; 3.3.2 Exchange Polarization in Between an Electron and a Nuclear Spins; 3.4 Readout; 3.5 Decoherence; 4 Electron-Nuclear Coupled Spin Molecular Systems for Implementing Quantum Information Processing; Practical Examples; 4.1 Sample Studies; 4.1.1 Malonyl Radical; 4.1.2 Diphenyl Nitroxide; 4.2 Generating Pseudo-Pure State; 4.3 Polarization Built Up on Nuclear Spins and Generating Nonclassical Correlations; 5 Conclusion; References
Molecular Spins in Biological Systems1 Introduction; 2 Photosynthesis; 2.1 Reaction Centers and Light-Harvesting Complexes; 2.2 Spin-Correlated Radical Pair in an Entangled State; 2.3 TR-EPR of Spin-Correlated Radical Pair; 2.4 Quantum Teleportation Using Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs; 2.5 Wavelike Energy Transfer Through Quantum Coherence in Photosynthetic Systems; 3 Quantum Coherence in Artificial Energy Conversion Systems; 4 Site-Directed Spin-Labeling and Pulsed Dipolar Spectroscopy; 4.1 Labeling of Proteins with Nitroxides; 4.2 Labeling of Proteins with Trityl Radicals
4.3 Labeling of Proteins with Metal Centers
This book addresses electron spin-qubit based quantum computing and quantum information processing with a strong focus on the background and applications to EPR/ESR techniques and spectroscopy. It explores a broad spectrum of topics including quantum computing, information processing, quantum effects in electron-nuclear coupled molecular spin systems, adiabatic quantum computing, heat bath algorithmic cooling with spins, and gateway schemes of quantum control for spin networks to NMR quantum information. The organization of the book places emphasis on relevant molecular qubit spectroscopy. These revolutionary concepts have never before been included in a comprehensive volume that covers theory, physical basis, technological basis, applications, and new advances in this emerging field. This book is an ideal resource for students and researchers in the fields of EPR/ESR, NMR and quantum computing. This book also: • Explores methods of harnessing quantum effects in electron-nuclear coupled molecular spin systems • Expertly discusses applications of optimal control theory in quantum computing • Broadens readers’ understanding of NMR quantum information processing.