Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Bashir, Safdar,
• Mitchell, Michael,
• Watto, Muhammad Arif,

Titel

Water resources of Pakistan : issues and impacts

Ist Teil von

• World Water Resources ; : Volume 9,

Ort / Verlag

Cham, Switzerland : Springer,

Erscheinungsjahr

[2021]

Link zum Volltext

• SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Includes bibliographical references.
• Intro -- Foreword 1 -- Foreword 2 -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Pakistan's Water Resources: Overview and Challenges -- 1.1 Overview of Pakistan's Water Resources -- 1.2 Pakistan - Water Challenges -- 1.3 Book Overview and Key Messages -- References -- Chapter 2: Pakistan's Water Resources: From Retrospect to Prospect -- 2.1 Introduction to Pakistan's Water Resources -- 2.2 Pakistan's Water Origins in the Middle Indus Valley -- 2.3 The Indefinite Indus Basin of Pakistan - August 1947 to September 1960 -- 2.4 From State Canals to Private Tube-Wells - 1960 to 2010 -- 2.5 The Great Flood and Back to the Future (2010-2020) -- 2.6 Prospect -- References -- Chapter 3: Pakistan's Transboundary Water Challenge -- 3.1 Pakistan's Transboundary Water Profile: Dependencies and Development Pressures in the Indus Basin -- 3.2 Nature of the Transboundary Water Challenge -- 3.2.1 Pakistan-India -- 3.2.2 Pakistan-Afghanistan -- 3.2.3 Pakistan-China -- 3.2.4 Effects of Climate Change on a Basin-Wide Scale -- 3.3 Legal and Institutional Architecture for Transboundary Water Sharing: Voids, Omissions and Spaces for Action -- 3.4 Transboundary Water Governance for Pakistan's Future -- References -- Chapter 4: Water Security in Pakistan: Availability, Accessibility and Utilisation -- 4.1 Water Security in Pakistan: A Broad Perspective -- 4.1.1 Defining Water Security -- 4.1.2 Water, Population and Uncertainty -- 4.1.3 Understanding the Resource at the National Scale -- 4.1.4 Beyond the Broad Perspective: Water Security at Local Scales -- 4.2 Perspective A: South Punjab -- 4.2.1 Context and Study Area -- 4.2.2 Agricultural Water Availability -- 4.2.3 Unsustainable Groundwater Extraction -- 4.2.4 Electric Tube-Wells and Policy Paradigm Shift -- 4.3 Perspective B: Karachi City -- 4.3.1 Water Availability -- 4.3.2 Water Demand -- 4.3.3 Access.
• 4.3.4 Water Quality and Hazards -- 4.4 Perspective C: Southern Sindh and the Indus Delta -- 4.4.1 Uncertain Water Availability -- 4.4.2 Water Security of the Indus Delta -- 4.5 Concluding Thoughts -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 5: Climate Change in the Mountains of Pakistan and its Water Availability Implications -- 5.1 Background -- 5.2 Climatology of Northern Pakistan -- 5.3 Hydrology of Northern Pakistan -- 5.4 Cryospheric Profile of Pakistan -- 5.5 Climate Change in Pakistan -- 5.5.1 Changes in Precipitation and Temperature across the HKH Mountains of Pakistan -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Pakistan's Water Resources in the Era of Climate Change -- 6.1 Geographical Location -- 6.2 Situation Analysis -- 6.3 Major Climatic Threats -- 6.3.1 Temperature Rise -- 6.3.2 Erratic Precipitation Patterns -- 6.3.3 Extreme Events (Floods and Droughts) -- 6.3.4 Glacier Melting -- 6.3.5 Sea Level Rise and Seawater Intrusion in the Indus Delta -- 6.4 Conclusions and the Way Forward -- References -- Chapter 7: Unlocking Economic Growth Under a Changing Climate: Agricultural Water Reforms in Pakistan -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Modelling Framework -- 7.2.1 The Water Demand Module -- 7.3 Scenarios and Key Assumptions -- 7.4 Indus Basin Water Balances in the CGE-W -- 7.4.1 CGE-W Climate Change Assumptions -- 7.5 Future Water Demand and Use -- 7.5.1 Crop-Wise Water Use -- 7.6 Connecting Economic Productivity and GDP Growth with Water Productivity -- 7.7 Dietary Change -- 7.8 Critical Agricultural Reforms -- 7.9 Improving Environmental Management -- 7.10 CGE-W Support to Reforms for a Water Secure Pakistan -- 7.10.1 Strategic Planning -- 7.10.2 Improvements in Irrigation and Drainage Services -- 7.10.3 Inter-sectoral Water Allocations -- 7.11 Conclusions -- References.
• Chapter 8: Sustainability Analysis of Irrigation Water Management in Punjab, Pakistan -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Punjab's Water Resources in the National Context -- 8.1.2 Typology of Farm Level Irrigation Management in Punjab -- 8.2 Sustainability Analysis of Irrigation Water Management in Punjab -- 8.2.1 Risk and Vulnerability -- 8.2.1.1 Reliability -- 8.2.1.2 Reversibility -- 8.2.2 Environmental System Integrity -- 8.2.2.1 The Health of Flood Plain Ecosystem -- 8.2.2.2 Water Quality -- 8.2.2.3 Resilience to Climate Change -- 8.2.3 Economic Acceptability and Equity -- 8.2.3.1 Self-Reliance -- 8.2.3.2 Water Use Efficiency -- 8.2.3.3 Equity -- 8.3 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 9: Examining Irrigated Agriculture in Pakistan with a Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 An Historical Geographic Perspective on the WEF Nexus in the Indus Basin -- 9.3 The Modern WEF Nexus Framework: Perspectives, Levels and Scales -- 9.3.1 Perspectives -- 9.3.1.1 System Perspective -- 9.3.1.2 Governance Perspective -- 9.3.1.3 Emerging Discourse Perspective -- 9.3.1.4 Resource Recovery Perspective -- 9.3.1.5 Environmental Livelihood Security Perspective -- 9.3.1.6 Economic Optimisation Perspective -- 9.3.2 Levels of Analysis -- 9.3.2.1 Value Level -- 9.3.2.2 Normative Level -- 9.3.2.3 Pragmatic Level -- 9.3.2.4 Empirical Level -- 9.3.3 Scales of Analysis -- 9.3.3.1 Greater Pakistan Scale -- 9.3.3.2 Indus Basin Irrigation System Scale -- 9.3.3.3 Provincial Scale -- 9.3.3.4 Sub-Provincial Scales -- 9.3.4 Summary -- 9.4 WEF Nexus Challenges in Pakistan's Irrigated Agriculture Sector -- 9.4.1 Low Crop Yields and Water Productivity -- 9.4.2 Low Staple and Export Crop Diversification -- 9.4.3 Energy Use for Groundwater Pumping -- 9.4.4 Dated Surface Water Allocation Systems -- 9.4.5 Lack of a Regulatory Groundwater Policy Framework.
• 9.4.6 Adaptation of a Climate-and-Society Smart Irrigated Agriculture -- 9.4.7 Governing the WEF Nexus -- 9.5 Distributaries, Districts and DISCOs: A Way Forward for Implementing WEF Nexus Thinking in the Irrigated Agriculture Sector -- References -- Chapter 10: Groundwater Crisis: A Crisis of Governance? -- 10.1 Pakistan's Groundwater Crisis in the Global Context -- 10.2 Growing Dependency on Groundwater: A Case of Pakistan's Punjab Province -- 10.3 A Crisis of Governance? Insights from the History of Groundwater Governance in Punjab, Pakistan -- 10.3.1 Colonial Approach to Groundwater Governance -- 10.3.2 Post-colonial Groundwater Development -- 10.3.3 Historical Contingency and the Contemporary Groundwater Governance Problem -- 10.4 Implication for Water Policy and Groundwater Governance in Pakistan -- References -- Chapter 11: Spatial Variability of Groundwater Storage in Pakistan -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Geography and Climate of Pakistan -- 11.2.1 Groundwater Resources of Pakistan -- 11.3 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Data -- 11.4 Methodology -- 11.4.1 Sen's Slope Estimator -- 11.4.2 Modified Mann-Kendall (MK) Test -- 11.4.3 Assessment of Spatial Patterns of Changes -- 11.5 Results and Discussion -- 11.5.1 Monthly and Yearly Variations in Groundwater Mean Storage -- 11.5.2 Spatial Patterns of Groundwater Storage Variations -- 11.5.3 Trends in Groundwater Storage Decline -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Impacts of Water Quality on Human Health in Pakistan -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Water Quality Definition and Global Context -- 12.1.2 Water Quality and Anthropogenic Impacts -- 12.1.3 Water Quality Status of Pakistan -- 12.1.4 Major Pollutants in Water Resources of Pakistan and Their Sources -- 12.2 Status of Microbial Pathogens in Water Resources of Pakistan and Their Health Impacts.
• 12.3 Status of Toxic Metals in Water Resources of Pakistan and Their Health Impacts -- 12.4 Impact of Water-Borne Diseases on the Pakistan Economy -- 12.5 Environmental Regulations in Pakistan -- 12.6 Recommended Strategies to Reduce Water-Borne Health Issues -- 12.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Improving Water Management in Pakistan Using Social-Ecological Systems Research -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Why Water Management in Pakistan Needs Improving: Groundwater as a Case Study -- 13.2.1 Ecological Impacts -- 13.2.2 Societal Impacts -- 13.2.3 Causes: A Social-Ecological Systems Analysis -- 13.3 Contributing to Improved Water Management Using the Practice of Social-Ecological Systems Research -- 13.3.1 Interdisciplinary Research: Building Partnerships Across Disciplines -- 13.3.1.1 What We Have Been Doing -- 13.3.1.2 Suggested Improvements -- 13.3.2 Transdisciplinary Research: Building Partnerships Between Researchers and Research Users -- 13.3.2.1 What We Have Been Doing -- 13.3.2.2 Suggested Improvements -- 13.3.3 Co-inquiry and Interventionist Research: Building Partnerships Between Researchers, Research Users and Research Beneficiaries -- 13.3.3.1 What We Have Been Doing -- 13.3.3.2 Mobile Application "Apna Pani" for Groundwater Data Collection and Visualisation -- 13.3.3.3 Suggested Improvements -- 13.3.4 Investment Planning -- 13.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: A Roadmap for a Comprehensive Water Resources Forecast System for Pakistan -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 Forecast Paradigm -- 14.1.2 Model Scale -- 14.1.3 Forecast Uncertainty -- 14.2 Forecasting System Framework -- 14.2.1 Traditional Approach -- 14.2.2 Automated Approach -- 14.2.3 Hybrid Forecast Approach -- 14.3 Pakistan's Needs -- 14.3.1 Model Selection and Forecast System Design -- 14.3.2 Concept of Operations (CONOPS) -- 14.3.3 Staff Training.
• 14.3.4 Precipitation Processing System.
• Description based on print version record.