Einer der führenden Vertreter der Kopenhagener Schule für Sicherheitsstudien; Emeritus Professor of International Relations, London School of Economics and Honorary Professor, Universities of Copenhagen and Jilin. Project Director, Copenhagen Peace Research Institute (COPRI), 1998-2002. Research Professor of International Studies, University of Westminster, 1995-2002. Professor of International Studies, University of Warwick. Bis 2012 an der London School of Economics and Political Science tätig; 1954 nach Kanada emigriert