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We consider 14 waterfowl species of Old World origin and 4 of New World origin to have occurred as rare birds in N America. Our understanding of vagrancy patterns among waterfowl is potentially clouded, however, by the fact that many species are widely held in captivity, both publically and privately, and unknown numbers escape. Generally, it is the more attractively colored species that are most popular, and free-flying Mandarin Ducks or Bar-headed Geese are usually dismissed as escapes from captivity, given the low likelihood that they would occur as natural vagrants. Problems arise when vagrancy and escapes both seem possible,