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Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte
Titel
Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods
Ist Teil von
  • Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 2014-03, Vol.65 (1), p.89-99
Ort / Verlag
Croatia: De Gruyter Open
Erscheinungsjahr
2014
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ)
Beschreibungen/Notizen
  • Leachates from active and closed municipal solid waste landfills can be a major source of contamination to groundwater and surface waters. In the present study the toxic and genotoxic potential of leachate from an old sanitary landfill prior to and following chemical and electrochemical treatments were assessed using Lemna, Allium, and comet tests. Photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (indicator of lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated as additional indicators of toxicity in duckweed. Following duckweed exposure to 25 % dilution of landfill leachate, growth rate and photosynthetic pigments content significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation increased despite stimulation of antioxidative defence mechanisms. Diluted leachate induced DNA strand breaks in duckweed cells as evidenced by the comet assay. Regarding the Allium test, untreated leachate caused inhibition of Allium cepa cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations. Although both water treatments completely reduced genotoxicity of leachate, the electrochemical method was found to be more efficient in removing toxic substances present in landfill leachate and thus more suitable for treating such leachates prior to their discharge into the environment. As landfill leachates pose a risk to human health and environment in general due to their (geno)toxicity, the present study demonstrates that the ecotoxicity/genotoxicity assays should be used in leachate risk assessment together with physicochemical analysis. Procjedne vode s aktivnih i zatvorenih odlagališta krupnog otpada mogu biti glavni izvor onečišćenja podzemnih i površinskih voda. U ovom su radu putem Lemna-, Allium- i komet-testa procijenjeni toksični i genotoksični učinci procjedne vode prikupljene sa starog odlagališta otpada Piškornica (Koprivnica) prije i nakon kemijskog ili elektrokemijskog pročišćavanja. Dodatni pokazatelji toksičnosti praćeni u vodenoj leći bili su sadržaj fotosintetskih pigmenata i malondialdehida (indikator lipidne peroksidacije) te aktivnosti antioksidacijskih enzima. U toj je biljci 25 %-tno razrjeđenje procjedne vode uzrokovalo smanjenje rasta i sadržaja pigmenata dok je lipidna peroksidacija porasla unatoč stimulaciji antioksidacijskih obrambenih mehanizama. Komet testom je utvrđeno oštećenje molekule DNA u stanicama vodene leće. Glede Alium testa, nepročišćena procjedna voda uzrokovala je inhibiciju diobe u luku (Allium cepa) te pojavu mitotskih i kromosomskih aberacija. Iako su obje metode pročišćavanja bile vrlo učinkovite u uklanjanju genotoksičnih tvari prisutnih u odlagališnom eluatu, elektrokemijska metoda pokazala se učinkovitija u uklanjanju toksičnih tvari iz eluata, te time i pogodnija za obradu takvih vrsta eluata prije njihova ispuštanja u okoliš. Kako su odlagališni eluati zbog svoje genotoksičnosti opasni za ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš općenito, rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da bi se testovi toksičnosti i genotoksičnosti trebali upotrebljavati u procjeni rizika odlagališnih eluata, zajedno s fizikalno-kemijskom analizom.

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