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Physical Exercise–Induced Hypoglycemia Caused by Failed Silencing of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Pancreatic β Cells
Ist Teil von
American journal of human genetics, 2007-09, Vol.81 (3), p.467-474
Ort / Verlag
Chicago, IL: Elsevier Inc
Erscheinungsjahr
2007
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Exercise-
induced
hyper
insulinism (EIHI) is a dominantly inherited hypoglycemic disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion during anaerobic exercise or on pyruvate load. We aimed to identify the molecular basis of this novel disorder of β-cell regulation. EIHI mapped to chromosome 1 (LOD score 3.6) in a genome scan performed for two families with 10 EIHI-affected patients. Mutational analysis of the promoter of the
SLC16A1 gene, which encodes monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), located under the linkage peak, revealed changes in all 13 identified patients with EIHI. Patient fibroblasts displayed abnormally high
SLC16A1 transcript levels, although monocarboxylate transport activities were not changed in these cells, reflecting additional posttranscriptional control of MCT1 levels in extrapancreatic tissues. By contrast, when examined in β cells, either of two
SLC16A1 mutations identified in separate pedigrees resulted in increased protein binding to the corresponding promoter elements and marked (3- or 10-fold) transcriptional stimulation of
SLC16A1 promoter-reporter constructs. These studies show that promoter-activating mutations in EIHI induce
SLC16A1 expression in β cells, where this gene is not usually transcribed, permitting pyruvate uptake and pyruvate-stimulated insulin release despite ensuing hypoglycemia. These findings describe a novel disease mechanism based on the failure of cell-specific transcriptional silencing of a gene that is highly expressed in other tissues.