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Two typologically different systems are used in the answer formats to yes-no questions in Estonian, particles and echo-responses. They can be implemented separately as well as in combinations with each other or other particles. The paper studies the grammatical, pragmatic and interactional factors that affect the choice of the answer format. It depends on the pragmatic focus of the question, its polarity, as well as the polarity of the answer, and the action that is carried out by the answer. At the same time, the speaker displays her understanding of the action-import of the question in the answer and may provide subtle criticism on its design. This affects the opportunities for further development of the conversation.