Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• SCHULZE, E.D
• CIAIS, P
• LUYSSAERT, S
• SCHRUMPF, M
• JANSSENS, I.A
• THIRUCHITTAMPALAM, B
• THELOKE, J
• SAURAT, M
• BRINGEZU, S
• LELIEVELD, J
• LOHILA, A
• REBMANN, C
• JUNG, M
• BASTVIKEN, D
• ABRIL, G
• GRASSI, G
• LEIP, A
• FREIBAUER, A
• KUTSCH, W
• DON, A
• NIESCHULZE, J
• BÖRNER, A
• GASH, J.H
• DOLMAN, A.J

Titel

European carbon balance. Part 4: integration of carbon and other trace-gas fluxes

Ist Teil von

• Global change biology, 2010-05, Vol.16 (5), p.1451-1469

Ort / Verlag

Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2010

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Overviewing the European carbon (C), greenhouse gas (GHG), and non-GHG fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP) is about 9.3 Pg yr⁻¹, and fossil fuel imports are 1.6 Pg yr⁻¹. GPP is about 1.25% of solar radiation, containing about 360 x 10¹⁸ J energy - five times the energy content of annual fossil fuel use. Net primary production (NPP) is 50%, terrestrial net biome productivity, NBP, 3%, and the net GHG balance, NGB, 0.3% of GPP. Human harvest uses 20% of NPP or 10% of GPP, or alternatively 1[per thousand] of solar radiation after accounting for the inherent cost of agriculture and forestry, for production of pesticides and fertilizer, the return of organic fertilizer, and for the C equivalent cost of GHG emissions. C equivalents are defined on a global warming potential with a 100-year time horizon. The equivalent of about 2.4% of the mineral fertilizer input is emitted as N₂O. Agricultural emissions to the atmosphere are about 40% of total methane, 60% of total NO-N, 70% of total N₂O-N, and 95% of total NH₃-N emissions of Europe. European soils are a net C sink (114 Tg yr⁻¹), but considering the emissions of GHGs, soils are a source of about 26 Tg CO₂ C-equivalent yr⁻¹. Forest, grassland and sediment C sinks are offset by GHG emissions from croplands, peatlands and inland waters. Non-GHGs (NH₃, NOx) interact significantly with the GHG and the C cycle through ammonium nitrate aerosols and dry deposition. Wet deposition of nitrogen (N) supports about 50% of forest timber growth. Land use change is regionally important. The absolute flux values total about 50 Tg C yr⁻¹. Nevertheless, for the European trace-gas balance, land-use intensity is more important than land-use change. This study shows that emissions of GHGs and non-GHGs significantly distort the C cycle and eliminate apparent C sinks.