Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Haider, Khawaja H

Titel

Stem Cell Applications in Cardiac Tissue Regeneration

Ist Teil von

• Cardiovascular Applications of Stem Cells, 2023, p.243-278

Ort / Verlag

Singapore: Springer Singapore Pte. Limited

Erscheinungsjahr

2023

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Alma/SFX Local Collection

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Cardiovascular pathologies are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While heart transplant remains the gold standard, it is limited by the lack of donors, the overall cost, and the procedure’s invasiveness. When a full transplant is not warranted, alternative surgical and therapeutic solutions include valve transplant or repair, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aneurysm repair, LVAD, pacemaker implantation, and pharmacological management for symptomatic relief. Hoping to find a “holy grail,” stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have emerged in cardiac regenerative medicine. Initially focused on adult cell types, such as skeletal myoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, epithelial stem cells, and more recently, cardiac stem cells (c-kit+/Sca1+), the field has progressed in understanding the regulatory processes underlying cardiac differentiation and maturation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs). This chapter reviews the different strategies to differentiate stem/progenitor cells by preconditioning or induction using bioactive factors (transcription factors, growth factors, microRNAs, small molecule compounds, and scaffolds). We explore the concept of transdifferentiation or direct differentiation, in which the cells are directly induced to morpho-functionally competent cardiomyocyte lineage, promoting both electrical and contractile activity. Furthermore, the chapter summarizes the development of natural and artificial scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering, enabling the maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with the potential for tissue integration.