Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Roychoudhury, Aryadeep
• Aftab, Tariq
• Acharya, Krishnendu

Titel

Varietal Physiology, Metabolic Regulation, and Molecular Responses of Rice Genotypes to Diverse Environmental Stresses

Ist Teil von

• Omics Approach to Manage Abiotic Stress in Cereals, 2022, p.321-339

Ort / Verlag

Singapore: Springer

Erscheinungsjahr

2022

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Alma/SFX Local Collection

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Rice, the world’s second largest cereal grain, is a staple meal for more than half of the world’s population. The unprecedented growth of the world’s population has compelled mankind to expand food production. While rice yields have improved due to modern technologies, the current average yield is still 10–15% below potential. Rice plants are highly susceptible to different abiotic stresses. Nutrient deficiency, heavy metals, salinity, heat, and drought are all abiotic stresses that contribute to the dramatic decline in rice production under existing climatic changes. Plants respond to various environmental pressures by a sequence of biochemical and molecular modifications that are coordinated by a variety of phytohormones. Since plants cannot escape abiotic stress by shifting, they have evolved a variety of pathways for stress tolerance. Plants undergo diverse changes in biochemical mechanisms to better tolerate abiotic stresses. For instance, plants accumulate different osmolytes as a stress response, including inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, trehalose, and glycine betaine which carry out osmotic adjustment under osmotic stress. Besides their role in osmotic adjustment, these organic compounds are involved in stabilizing proteins, reducing ions toxicity, preserving membrane integrity, scavenging reactive oxygen species, shielding cellular parts, balancing cellular redox, and strengthening antioxidant compounds. Besides, all plant species are incapable of accumulating or producing large quantities of these organic compounds under stress. Therefore, genetically modified plants containing transgenic genes encoding osmolytes synthesis could become a viable option for better rice production. Recent advances in plant molecular biology based on physiological stress response studies have allowed the discovery of several genes associated with stress resistance.