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This chapter focuses on the demand of plants for nutrients that are needed for maintaining plant life and plant growth. We distinguish between macro- and micronutrients, depending on the mass required for plant functions, and facultative or beneficial elements that are required only in some plant groups. As an introduction to the topic of nutrition, the mineral composition of crystalline and sedimentary rocks and the processes during weathering of rocks are described, because these set the conditions of the availability of elements on a global scale. The chapter gives main emphasis to the availability and transformation of macronutrients, with a special focus on nitrogen, because nitrogen is one main factor determining plant growth globally. The discussion on nitrogen is followed by an analysis of phosphorus, sulphur and cations. The ecological consequences of excess and limitation of supply and demand are discussed at the plant level, as well as at the ecosystem level.