Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Dreher, Mark L

Titel

Fiber and Healthy Dietary Patterns in Weight Regulation

Ist Teil von

• Dietary Fiber in Health and Disease, 2017, p.163-200

Ort / Verlag

Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG

Erscheinungsjahr

2017

Quelle

Alma/SFX Local Collection

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• During the last several decades, there has been an increased exposure to higher energy-dense and lower fiber-containing foods and increasingly sedentary lifestyles, which have led to net habitual positive energy balances and weight gain in Western populations. For overweight or obese individuals who successfully lose weight, as many as 80% typically drift back to their original weight or more because after weight loss there are an array of metabolic regulatory processes at work to promote weight regain, so it is difficult to maintain weight loss. Consequently, maintaining a healthy weight is a daily effort but healthy fiber-rich dietary patterns can help to promote satiety and reduce overall dietary energy density to assist in weight control. Dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with obesity risk, and populations with higher fiber diets tend to be leaner than those with low fiber diets. The human gastrointestinal and energy metabolism regulatory systems evolved on pre-agriculture high fiber diets. Prospective cohort studies suggest that increased total fiber intake by >12 g/day to >25 g fiber/day, especially as a replacement for refined low fiber food, can prevent weight gain by 3.5–5.5 kg each decade. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show that adequate fiber intake >28 g fiber/day from fiber-rich diets can significantly reduce body weight and waist circumference (WC) compared to low fiber Western diets (<20 g fiber/day). Fiber-rich diets are usually more effective at promoting weight loss than are fiber supplements. RCTs show that healthy fiber-rich dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean (MedDiet), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), New Nordic, and vegetarian diets do not result in weight gain and high adherence to these diets can support weight loss and lower WC compared to control diets such as low fat or Western diets in overweight or obese individuals. Biological mechanisms associated with adequate fiber intake and healthy dietary patterns, in body weight regulation include effects on lowering diet energy density directly or by displacing higher energy-dense processed foods, promoting postprandial satiety, reducing metabolizable energy, and triggering other colonic microbiota or metabolic factors.