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Besides caffeine, coffee contains many bioactive chemicals, including many antioxidants. Coffee intake slightly decreases total mortality, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (including stroke), diabetes, cognitive impairment and Parkinson’s disease, although the causality of these associations is still debated. Coffee does not modify total cancer risk, but it decreases the incidence of oral and pharyngeal, liver and endometrial cancers, while the relation with bladder cancer is debated. Coffee is not related to osteoporosis. In the first hour after ingestion coffee slightly increases blood pressure, and in non/occasional drinkers may trigger acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Coffee drinking should be reduced in low metabolizers of caffeine and in patients with gastritis or cardiac arrhythmias, and minimized in children, pregnant women, and patients with liver cirrhosis. A moderate coffee intake (3 cups/day) is not dangerous for health and may even have some benefits.