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The large majority of American children play video games on a regular basis. This pastime is typically harmless; however, a small minority of players develop significant problems related to video games. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) added Internet gaming disorder (IGD) to the research appendix of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) in 2013, and the World Health Organization (WHO) added gaming disorder as a diagnosable mental disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases in 2018. The current chapter reviews the existing research on Internet gaming disorder, including controversies about the existence of the disorder, estimated prevalence, correlates, consequences, natural course, and common comorbidities. We also provide an overview of best practices related to assessment of Internet gaming disorder symptoms. Further, we review the limited literature on treatment approaches for Internet gaming disorder. The treatment literature is in its infancy and there are no established evidence-based treatments for this problem. However, because parents and children are seeking professional treatment for problems related to video games, we also make practical suggestions for practitioners based on what we know about treatment of gaming problems so far as well as evidence-based principles from treatments of other addictions.