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For a killing action to have occurred, a human being must have lost his life. It would be somewhat superficial to assess the ethical quality of an action without knowing what it is that is lost when a human being is killed. Therefore, when thinking about the ethical (im)permissibility of killing, there is no way around dealing with the concepts of “death” and its contradictory opposite “life”. This chapter is devoted to the definition of the concepts of “life” and “death” and will answer the following questions: What is life? What is death? How do we know that a human being has died, that is, when is death?