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The act of the overhead throw, especially pitching, produces high levels of forces at the elbow joint. The elbow joint is a frequently injured region of the body in the overhead athlete due to the large amount of force observed during the act of throwing, playing tennis, or playing golf. Injuries often occur due to the repetitive microtrauma nature of throwing. Rehabilitation following injury or surgery to the throwing elbow is vital to fully restore the normal function and to return the athlete to competition as quickly and safely as possible. Rehabilitation of the elbow, whether postinjury or postsurgical, must follow a progressive and sequential order to ensure that healing tissues have not been compromised. Emphasis is placed on restoring full motion, muscular strength, and neuromuscular control while gradually applying loads to healing tissue. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of a multiphased rehabilitation program for the overhead athlete’s elbow. In addition, rehabilitation for specific nonoperative and postoperative pathologies in the overhead athlete is discussed.